Anatomy: Integumentary System

The subcutaneous or hypodermic is made up of two types of connective tissue: _____ and _____.

adipose; areolar

Many cells in the epidermis produce ______ when exposed to UV radiation.

cholecalciferol

Lines of cleavage (or tension lines) in the skin relate to the predominant orientation of _____ fiber bundles.

collagen

Lines of cleavage (or tension lines) in the skin identify to the predominant orientation of ____ fiber bundles in the ____.

collagen; dermis

The cells of a hair follicle's walls are organized into two principal concentric layers; an outer _______ tissue root sheath, which originates from the dermis, and an inner ____ tissue root sheath, which originates from the epidermis.

connective; epithelial

Epidermal accessory organs are located in the _____ and may project through the _____ to the surface. The exposed parts of the nail and hair are composed of _______, keratinized cells.

dermis; epidermis, dead

Immune cells found in the Epidermis are called______ _____ cells. They have the ability to destroy pathogens by the process of _______.

epidermal dendritic; phagocytizing

The replacement scar tissue is produced by ____ and composed primarily of ____ fibers.

fibroblast; collagen

the third step of wound healing, _____ within the wound begin to remove the clotted blood.

macrophages

During the embryonic period, the mesoderm destined to form the dermis becomes _______, and it occupies a zone internal to the ectoderm.

mesenchyme

The accessory organs of the epidermis are: hair,_____, _____ glands, ands sweat glands.

nails; sebaceous

When the body is cold, the blood vessels in the dermis constrict to _____, which allows the body to conserve heat. When the body is too warm, the blood vessels in the dermis dilate, increasing ___ flow, which allows the heat from the blood to dissipate through the skin

reduce; blood

The telogen phase is the _____ phase and is usually the phase where the hair is _____.

resting; shed

The substances that make sweat feel grittier are water _____ and ______.

salts; urea

the sebaceous glands of the skin secrete an oily material called _______.

sebum

repetitive mechanical stress applied to the integument stimulate mitotic activity in the ____ cells of the stratum _____, resulting int eh thickening of the epidermis and improved ability to withstand stress.

stem; basale

The telogen phase of the hair graph cycle lasts about ______ to _____ months

3-4

What would you expect if there was a decrease in melanocyte activity?

Altered skin pigmentation

in the second step pf wound healing, a ____ forms.

blood clot