Anatomy Lab: Bones
Three reasons for bone markings:
1) Sites for muscle, ligament or tendon attachment. 2) Grooves and holes allow for passage of blood vessels or nerves. 3) Articulations with other bones
ramus
An extension of a bone making an angle with the rest of the structure
mental protuberance
Anterior part of the mandible that forms the chin and sticks out in front
body of clavicle
Area between the two ends, contains a tubercle and tuberosity
mandibular condyle
Articulation point of the mandible with the mandibular fossa of the temporal bone
shaft (diaphysis) of humerus
Contains medullary cavity and has a tuberosity and groove
Acetabulum
Coxal bone: articulates with femur. On posterior side. formed from ilium, ischium and pubis. (Used as dividing point)
posterior inferior iliac spine
Coxal bone: bottom curved point of wing on posterior side. Opposite side of acetabulum
ischial spine
Coxal bone: curved point between the greater and lesser sciatic notches. projects inward into body
greater sciatic notch
Coxal bone: deep inward curve on medial side
iliac fossa
Coxal bone: ilium: The broad, slightly concave inner surface of the ilium. (Anterior)
anterior inferior iliac spine
Coxal bone: ilium: bottom curved point of iliac wing from anterior side. Opposite side of pubic symphysis
gluteal surface
Coxal bone: ilium: lateral surface of the wing-shaped portion of the ilium (posterior)
arcuate line
Coxal bone: ilium: lines side of ilium (around side of pelvic girdle) from the sacrum to the pectineal line of pubic bone
anterior superior iliac spine
Coxal bone: ilium: top curved point of iliac wing from anterior side. Opposite side of pubic symphysis
ischial tuberosity
Coxal bone: ischium: extends out from bottom of body of ischium
pectineal line (pecten pubis)
Coxal bone: lines first part of pubic bone coming down from the arcuate line
pubic tubercle
Coxal bone: pubic bone: bump (tubercle) off of front of pubis right next to pubic symphysis
pubic crest
Coxal bone: pubic bone: lines top part of pubic bone leading into the pubic symphysis
lesser sciatic notch
Coxal bone: shallower inward notch inferior to greater sciatic notch on medial side
posterior superior iliac spine
Coxal bone: top curved point of wing on posterior side. Opposite side of acetabulum
lateral epicondyle of femur
Distal end on lateral condyle
Phalanges:
Distal, middle, proximal
parasagittal plane
Divides body into unequal right and left sides
annulus fibrosus
Intervertebral disc: the strong outer layer of fibrocartilage
lumbar vertebrae
L1-L5 (5) SECONDARY
external acoustic meatus
Large hole on temporal bone for ear canal
Trochanter
Large, blunt, & rough projection
spongy bone
Layer of bone tissue having many small spaces and found just inside the layer of compact bone.
pectineal line of femur
Leads from lesser trochanter to linea aspera on posterior side
radius
Makes up the lateral side of the forearm. "Rad!" (Lines up with thumb in anatomical position)
frontal process
Maxillary bone: part of bone on outside of nasal bones before orbital (lines side of orbital)
inferior nasal conchae
NOT PART OF ETHMOID BONE: lowest nasal concha
Line
Narrow ridge of bone; less prominent than a crest
suprascapular notch
Notch on upper scapula
intercondylar fossa (notch)
On femur: posterior side: deep depression located between the condyles and beneath the popliteal surface
intertrochanteric crest
On femur: ridge that connects the greater and lesser trochanters posteriorly
patellar surface
On femur: smooth surface on anterior side where the patella fits
Glabella
On frontal bone. A single bony prominence of the frontal bone located between the superciliary arches in the inferior part of the frontal bone above the root of the nose. Where Indian beauty mark goes
deltoid tuberosity
On humerus: Upper left when viewing anterior side
surgical neck
On humerus: band around proximal metaphysis area. Common place for breaking
trochlea
On humerus: bowtie shape extension at distal end and articulates with the coronoid process of ulna. Right below coronoid fossa of humerus
capitulum
On humerus: directly lateral to trochlea and right below radial fossa
intertubercular sulcus (groove)
On humerus: groove located between greater and lesser tubercles
olecranon fossa
On humerus: located on the posterior side of the distal end of the humerus superior to the trochlea and articulates with the olecranon process of the ulna
greater tubercle
On humerus: proximal end, lateral side
lateral supracondylar ridge
On humerus: ridge on side of humerus above lateral epicondyle
medial supracondylar ridge
On humerus: ridge on side of humerus above medial epicondyle
lesser tubercle
On humerus: seen from ANTERIOR side. In between head and greater tubercle.
anatomical neck
On humerus: traces the head
apex
On patella. Is the pointy bottom end (Should always face down)
base
On patella. Is the top end
ulnar notch
On radius (distal end): articulates with the distal head of the ulna
radial tuberosity
On radius: upper right on anterior side
acromion process
On scapula: Outward extension of the shoulder blade forming the point of shoulder.
glenoid fossa (cavity)
On scapula: fossa that articulates with the head of the humerus
corocoid process
On scapula: process above the glenoid cavity that permits muscle attachment
infraglenoid tubercle
On scapula: prominence inferior to the glenoid cavity
supraglenoid tubercle
On scapula: prominence superior to the glenoid cavity
carotid canal
On temporal bone
internal acoustic meatus
On temporal bone (inner Petrous part)
mastoid process
On temporal bone. Curved extension to which bones attach.
The lesser tubercle is:
On the anterior humerus
The lateral and medial supracondylar ridges are:
On the humerus
The lesser trochanter is:
On the posterior femur
tibial tuberosity
On tibia. Bump on proximal anterior side
medial malleolus
On tibia: Lowest pointy part of the
intercondylar eminence
On tibia: Raised point on top of proximal tibia between cavities for the femur in the synovial knee joint
fibular notch
On tibia: distal lateral end of tibia, place where fibula fits into tibia at the bottom
anterior crest (border)
On tibia: sharp ridge along front surface of body from tibial tuberosity to medial mallelous
trochlear notch
On ulna: articulates with trochlea of humerus
coronoid process
On ulna: ice cream scoop (bottom part), rests in coronoid fossa on humerus
olecranon process
On ulna: ice cream scoop (top part), rests in olecranon fossa of humerus
radial notch
On ulna: notch at proximal end, medial side that fits with head of radius
intervertebral foramen
Opening formed by the inferior and superior notches on the pedicles of adjacent vertebrae. Allows passage of spinal nerves and vessels.
"Oprah Runs Over Spotted Leopard Cause It Jumped Her Mom":
Optic canal, Rotundum, Ovale, Spinosum, Lacerum, Carotid, Internal acoustic meatus, Hypoglossal canal, Magnum
Tubercle
Small & rounded projection
stylomastoid foramen
Small foramen located between the styloid process and the mastoid process
medial wall of orbit:
Sphenoid body, orbital plate of ethmoid, frontal process of maxilla, lacrimal bone
foramen rotundum
Sphenoid bone, greater wings, underneath superior orbital fissure
lesser wings
Sphenoid bone: Divider between anterior and middle fossa areas of cranial cavity. Small hang-glider structure on top
jugular notch (suprasternal notch)
Sternum: curve at very top
parietal bone
Top of skull wrapping to sides. Paired. 3 sutures touch bone (coronal, sagittal and lambdoid)
hyoid bone
U-shaped bone in the neck that supports the tongue. looks like its floating
temporal process
ZYGOMATIC BONE: part that connects to zygomatic process of temporal bone
angle of mandible
a bony angle formed by the junction of the posterior edge of the ramus of the mandible and the inferior surface of the body of the mandible; marks widest part of lower 1/3 of face. (jawline)
Tuberosity
a raised rough projection
coronal suture
between frontal and parietal bones
sagittal suture
between parietal bones
lambdoid suture
between parietal bones and occipital bone
Hallax
big toe/ digit 1 of foot
body (centrum) of vertebrae
big, chunky anterior part. C1 does not have one
inferior angle
bottom point of scapula where medial border and axillary border meet
cranial cavity contains:
brain
Meatus
canal leading through bone
sinus
cavity within a bone (air filled unless specified otherwise)
medullary cavity
cavity within the shaft of the long bones filled with bone marrow
Buccal
cheek
Thoractic
chest
acromial end
clavicle: lateral end, more flattened, articulates with the acromion process of the scapula
sternal end
clavicle: medial end, more rounded, articulates with the manubrium of the sternum
base of metacarpal
closer to carpals
head of metatarsals:
closer to the proximal phalanges
base of metatarsals:
closer to the tarsals
Clavicle
collar bone
irregular bones
complex shapes: bones of the vertebrae, pelvis, face
occipitomastoid suture
connects occipital and temporal bones
proximal and distal metaphysis
contain epiphyseal line or plate. Between diaphysis and epiphysis
lateral masses of ethmoid bone
contain ethmoid sinuses. chunks off to sides
abdominal cavity contains:
contains stomach, small intestine, liver, spleen, kidney, etc.
sacral canal
continuation of vertebral canal
Dorsal body cavities include:
cranial and spinal cavities
mandibular notch
curve between mandibular condyle and coronoid process
head of metacarpal
distal end of metacarpal
head of ulna
distal end of ulna
medial epicondyle of femur
distal end on medial condyle
lateral condyle of femur
distal end, lateral side. Has epicondyles
medial condyle of femur
distal end, medial side. Has epicondyles
Mid-sagittal (median) plane
divides the body into equal left and right parts
Horizontal (Transverse or axial) Plane
divides the body into superior and inferior sections
proximal and distal epiphysis
ends of long bones
perpendicular plate
ethmoid bone: septum part between conchae
cribriform plate
ethmoid bone: spongy top part seen from inside cranial cavity
interosseous membrane:
exists between the radius and ulna and the tibia and fibula
spine of scapula
extension on posterior scapula that leads to acromion and creates the supraspinous fossa and infraspinous fossa
tympanic part of temporal bone
external auditory meatus and styloid process area
Orbital
eye
transverse costal facet
facet on transverse process
mandibular foramen
foramen on posterior side of mandible where ramus is
anterior sacral foramen
foramina on anterior side
infraorbital foramen
foramina on maxilla bones underneath the eye sockets
transverse foramina
foramina on modified transverse processes of cervical vertebrae.
posterior sacral foramen
foramina on posterior side
Antebrachial
forearm
nasal bones
form bridge of nose
Vertebral canal
formed by successive vertebral foramina. Contains spinal cord
sphenoid bone
forms part of the base of the skull and parts of the floor and sides of the orbit. Medial/ middle fossa area of cranial cavity.
ethmoid bone
forms part of the posterior portion of the nose, the orbit, and the floor of the cranium
orbital part of frontal bone
forms roof of orbit (eye socket)
vomer bone
forms the BASE (bottom thicker part) of the nasal septum
Frontal Bone (anterior view)
forms the forehead
orbital plate of ethmoid bone
forms the medial orbital wall
subscapular fossa
fossa covering main part of scapula on the anterior side
lateral wall of orbit:
frontal bone, greater wing of sphenoid, zygomatic bone
T1 has:
full costal facet on one side and demi on the other. (The only one like this)
groove
furrow in bone
Inguinal
junction of trunk and thighs
nucleus pulposus
intervertebral disc: the inner gelatinous core
secondary curvatures
inward bowing curves that bring the spine into an overall upright position. Cervical and Lumbar
Patella
kneecap
C1 (atlas)
lacks body and spinous process, allows head to nod. connects to occipital condyles
peroneal (fibular)
lateral part of leg
appendicular
limbs
median sacral crest
line down center of posterior sacrum
iliac crest
lines top wing-like part of hip bone (iliac part)
lateral epicondyle of humerus
located on the distal end of the humerus superior to the capitulum
medial epicondyle of humerus
located on the distal end of the humerus superior to the trochlea
Humerus
long bone of arm
long bones
longer than they are wide, contain medullary cavity
inferior orbital fissure
lower boomerang of eye socket (orbital)
costal margin
lower border of rib margin formed by the medial edges of the 8th, 9th, and 10th ribs
body of ischium (ischial body)
lower chunk (ischial chunk) of band around obturator foramen
Mandible
lower jaw bone
alveolar process (margin) of mandible
lower margin of the mandible; contains sockets in which the teeth lie
xiphoid process
lower portion of the sternum
pleural cavity contains:
lungs
Sternum
manubrium, body, xiphoid process
Ulna
medial bone of the forearm
styloid process of ulna
medial side, distal end. Easy to feel on body
oral
mouth
interosseous border of ulna
narrow ridge located on the lateral side of the ulnar shaft; for attachment of the interosseous membrane between the ulna and radius
interosseous border of radius
narrow ridge located on the medial side of the radial shaft; for attachment of the interosseous membrane between the ulna and radius bones
neck of radius
narrowed region immediately distal to the head of the radius
Umbilical
navel
Cervical
neck
neck of femur
neck looking structure below head
sacral hiatus
notch/hole-thing at the end of the sacral canal
lateral sacral crest
off-center line down posterior sacrum
hypoglossal canal
on occipital bone
Supraorbital notch/foramen
on supraorbital margin (frontal bone)
obturator foramen
opening in hip bone formed by the pubic and ischial rami
nasolacrimal canal
opening in the lacrimal bone
Roof of orbit:
orbital plate of frontal bone, lesser wing of sphenoid
floor of orbit:
orbital process of palatine bone, maxillary bone, zygomatic bone
parietal layer
outer layer, lines wall of cavity
primary curvatures
outwardly bowing curves that are retained from the fetal position. Thoracic & Sacral
orbital process
palatine bone: small shard that can be seen in very back of orbital
superior articular process
part of sacrum (horn-like) and vertebrae
Three serous membranes:
pleurae, peritoneum, pericardium
styloid process of radius
pointed projection located on the lateral end of the distal radius
coronoid process of mandible
pointy extension in front of mandibular condyle/ condylar process
vertebral arch
posterior backside (arch) of the vertebral foramen
Popliteal
posterior knee area
Crest
prominent ridge
lateral condyle of tibia
proximal end, connects with synovial joint of the knee
medial condyle of tibia
proximal end, connects with synovial joint of the knee
costal groove
rib: long groove on bottom-side
costal angle
rib: more prominent curve
true ribs
ribs 1-7, direct costal cartilage attachments to sternum.
floating ribs
ribs 11 and 12, no costal cartilage attachments to sternum.
false ribs
ribs 8-12, indirect or non-existent costal cartilage attachments to ribs.
Orbital has:
roof, medial wall, lateral wall, floor
head of mandible
round portion at the top of the condylar process
Condyle
rounded projection at the end of a bone
Carpal bones:
scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform, trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate
diaphysis
shaft of a long bone
Fossa
shallow depression
spine
sharp, slender, or pointed projection
Tibia
shin bone
Acromial
shoulder
Scapula
shoulder blade
Ramus of Ischium (Ischial Ramus)
side chunk of ischial part around obturator foramen
maxillary bone
singular of the maxilla (bones)
ethmoid sinus
sinus of ethmoid bone
lacrimal bone
small bone on medial orbital wall right in front of ethmoid orbital plate
styloid process of temporal bone
small walrus tusk structure
facet
small, flat articular surface
sutural (wormian) bones
small, flat, oddly shaped; formed between sutures of skull
sesamoid bones
small, round, and flat; develop within tendons-a type of short bone. (patella)
superior articular facet
smooth face of superior articular process
auricular surface of sacrum
smooth parts on side that connect to coxal bone
orbital plate of ethmoid bone
smooth side that makes of medial wall of orbital (eye socket)
plantar
sole of foot
greater wings
sphenoid bone: Big bony bat wing parts
optic canal
sphenoid bone: foramina on tip of lesser wings
foramen ovale
sphenoid bone: foramina that are more oval shaped than others
sella turcica
sphenoid bone: saddle-like extension off body that holds pituitary gland
foramen spinosum
sphenoid bone: small foramen at tip adjacent to foramina ovale
pterygoid process
sphenoid: bat feet-like extensions
superior orbital fissure
sphenoid: upper boomerang shaped, back of orbital
spinal cavity contains:
spinal cord
yellow marrow
stores fat. soft, fatty material found in the medullary cavity of long bones
superior border
superior edge of scapula
superior pubic ramus
superior extension of the body of the pubis
Tarsals:
talus, calcaneus, navicular, medial cuneiform, intermediate cuneiform, lateral cuneiform, cuboid
mastoid part
temporal bone; bulge behind ear, posterior, articulates with occipital and parietal bones; **houses mastoid air cell system
Sternal Angle (Angle of Louis)
the articulation of the manubrium and the body of the sternum
body of sternum
the bony structure that forms the middle portion of the sternum. attaches to rib cartilage (half of one on manubrium and xiphoid)
body of mandible
the horizontal portion of the lower jaw (solid part near mental foramen)
Thoracic cavity includes:
the mediastinum (and thus pericardial) and pleural cavities
ala of sacrum
the wing parts above the auricular surface
lateral (axillary) border
thick border of scapula that is closest to the armpit and ends superiorly with the glenoid cavity
red marrow
thick, blood-like material found in flat bones and long bones; location of blood cell formation
Femoral
thigh
Femur
thigh bone
flat bones
thin, flattened, and usually curved. Have an Oreo pattern with spongy bone in center surrounded by compact bone.
medial (vertebral) border
thin, long border of scapula that runs roughly parallel to the vertebral column
Ventral body cavities include:
thoracic, abdominal and pelvic cavities
Pollex
thumb/digit 1 of hand
Superior thoracic cavity includes:
thymus, trachea, esophagus, and aorta
cervical vertebrae all have:
transverse foramina
proximal end of tibia
articulates with femur and fibula
distal end of radius articulates with:
articulates with ulna, scaphoid, and lunate
occipital bone (skull)
back of head
articular cartilage
Hyaline cartilage attached to articular bone surfaces
fovea capitis
On femur: hole like landmark in center of head where vessel can pass through
gluteal tuberosity
On femur: leads from bottom of greater trochanter to the linea aspera on the posterior side
linea aspera
On femur: line down center of shaft on posterior side
transverse ridges (lines)
Sacrum: horizontal connections between anterior foramina
coccygeal
3-5 fused vertebrae
Sacrum
5 fused vertebrae. Only has superior articular process & facet
sacral vertebrae
5 vertebrae which are fused to form the sacrum in the pelvis. PRIMARY
Tarsals: (acronym and number):
7: "Tigers Cubs Need MILC"
Carpal bones: saying and amount:
8: "Some Lovers Try Positions That They Cannot Handle"
Periosteum
A dense fibrous membrane covering the surface of bones (except at their extremities) and serving as an attachment for tendons and muscles.
Posterior arch
ATLAS (C1): Longer/bigger arch on the posterior end. Has the posterior tubercle
posterior tubercle
ATLAS (C1): Rough bump (tubercle) on the outer-side of posterior arch
anterior arch
ATLAS (C1): front (smaller) arch. Contains a smooth facet for the dens of the C2 vertebrae
facet for dens
ATLAS (C1): smooth small facet on backside of anterior arch that the dens fits against
dens (odontoid process)
AXIS (C2): tooth-like extension on top that fits into facet for dens of atlas
squamous suture
Between parietal and temporal bones
cervical vertebrae
C1-C7 (7) SECONDARY
bifid spinous process
CERVICAL vertebrae. forked.
middle nasal conchae
Ethmoid bone: middle concha
superior nasal conchae
Ethmoid bone: uppermost concha
head
Expanded articular end of an epiphysis, all long bones have a head
greater trochanter
Femur: proximal end opposite the head
lesser trochanter
Femur: visible from POSTERIOR side. Inferior to the head and adjacent the greater trochanter
middle cranial fossa
Formed by: greater wings & sella turcica of sphenoid bone, squamous & petrous region (temporal bone), parietal bone (inferior). Contains: temporal lobes, pituitary gland
posterior cranial fossa
Formed by: occipital bone, petrous region of temporal bone, parietal bone (posterior and inferior). Contains: Cerebellum, medulla, pons
anterior cranial fossa
Formed by: orbital plate of frontal bone, cribriform plate (ethmoid bone), lesser wings (anterior) of sphenoid bone. Contains: frontal lobes
supraspinous fossa
Fossa on posterior scapula above the spine of scapula
infraspinous fossa
Fossa on posterior scapula below the spine of scapula
demi-costal facet
Found in same place as full costal facet, not full circle
Supercilliary arches
Frontal lobe: arch right above the supraorbital margin
compact bone
Hard, dense bone tissue that is beneath the outer membrane of a bone
C2 (axis)
Has a dens/odontoid process projecting superiorly from the body, allows head to rotate
jugular foramen
Heart shaped foramen. Temporal bone makes top part of heart shape on internal side.
coronoid fossa
Humerus: A hollow on the anterior surface of the distal end of the humerus, just above the trochlea, in which the coronoid process of the ulna rests when the elbow is flexed.
basilar part
OCCIPITAL BONE: chunk in front of foramen magnum
superior nuchal lines
OCCIPITAL BONE: eagle wing lines coming from external occipital protuberance of occipital bone
foramen magnum
Occipital bone: A large opening at the base of the skull through which the brain connects to the spinal cord.
basilar part
Occipital bone: bone anterior to foramen magnum
external occipital protuberance
Occipital bone: bump on back of head
superior nuchal line
Occipital bone: runs horizontally from external occipital protuberance
conoid tubercle
On clavicle: bottom part of body near acromial end
costal tuberosity
On clavicle: bottom side near sternal end. A.k.a. "impression for costoclavicular ligament"
body of ilium
On coxal bone: looks like it would be called a thick neck
ala of ilium
On coxal bone: wing of ilium
intertrochanteric line
On femur: connects the greater and lesser trochanters anteriorly. Less prominent than the crest
adductor tubercle
On femur: directly above medial epicondyle
articular surface
Patella: Smooth posterior surface of patella that moves against other bones (backside)
Big toe has:
Proximal and distal phalanx (no middle)
head of fibula
Proximal part: articulates with tibia
Epicondyle
Raised area on or above a condyle
articular tubercle
Rib: Bump near head end
Foramen
Rounded opening through a bone for blood vessels and nerves
occipital condyles
Rounded projections lateral to the foramen magnum that articulate with the first cervical vertebra (atlas)
The optic canal is on what bone:
SPEHNOID
Where are the foramina ovale, rotundum, and spinosum:
SPENOID
thoracic vertebrae
T1-T12 (12) PRIMARY
anterior crest (border)
TIBIA: sharp ridge along anterior tibia
head (articular circumference of radius) articulates with:
articulates with humerus and ulna shaft (body)
lateral malleolus (distal end)
articulates with talus and tibia
distal end of tibia
articulates with talus of foot and fibula
head of femur
articulates with the acetabulum
head of humerus
articulates with the glenoid fossa of the scapula
auricular surface of ilium
articulates with the sacrum to form the sacroiliac joint
short bones
as long as are wide, outer surface of compact bone and a spongy bone interior, carpals and tarsals
Temporal bone (zygomatic process)
articulates with the temporal process of zygomatic bone to form zygomatic arch. Contains a part of Petrous part (has internal acoustic meatus on it).
palatine process (of maxilla)
The portion of the maxillary bone that forms most of the hard palate. It consists of 2 pieces of bone that grow and fuse at the midline during the fetal stage.
full costal facet
articulate alone with the head of a rib. present on T1, T10, T11, T12
supraorbital margin
The superior rim of the eye socket located on the frontal bone.
Abdominal
abdomen
body of pubis
adjacent to the pubic symphysis
mastoid air cells
air spaces in the mastoid process of the temporal bone that communicate with the middle ear cavity
fissure
an opening; a groove; a split
Tarsus
ankle
Patellar
anterior knee area
Antecubital
anterior surface of elbow
cranial fossae
anterior, middle, posterior
process
any bony prominence
mandibular fossa
area of inferior skull that the mandibular condyles fit into
Brachial
arm
Axillary
armpit
Pubic
genital region
epiphyseal line (adult) plate (juvenile)
growth plate or former growth plate. Are located in proximal or distal metaphysis of long bones.
Axial
head, neck, trunk
pericardial cavity contains:
heart
mediastinum contains:
heart (within pericardial), aorta, esophagus, and bronchi
Calcaneal
heel of foot
coxal bone
hip bone composed of 3 fused parts ilium, ischium, and pubis
mental foramen
hole anterior mandible
vertebral foramen
hole in center that contains the spinal cord
body of sphenoid
hollow, cube like central portion. Contains sella turcica
intertubercular sulcus (groove)
humerus (between greater and lesser tubercle)
radial groove
humerus: shallow spiral groove wrapping from anterior to posterior side of humerus, medial to the deltoid tuberosity
radial fossa
humerus: small shallow fossa located on the anterior/distal end of the humerus, superior to the capitulum and lateral to the coronoid fossa, receives the head of the radius during flexion
Greater horn
hyoid bone: extension in back part of bone
lesser horn
hyoid bone: small, devil horn like in shape. Towards the front
inferior pubic ramus
inferior extension of the body of the pubis; articulates with the ischium
visceral layer
inner part, covers organ
sacral promontory
upper inner (anterior) ridge of pelvic brim
Maxilla
upper jaw facial bone
alveolar process (margin) of maxilla
upper margin of the maxilla; contains sockets in which the teeth lie
manubrium
upper portion of the sternum
superior angle
uppermost point of scapula where medial border meets superior border
pelvic cavity contains:
urinary bladder, reproductive organs, rectum, sigmoid colon, etc.
inferior articular process and facet
vertebrae: flat parts on bottom backside
superior articular process and facet
vertebrae: flat parts on top. Make giraffe horns
transverse process
vertebrae: parts that stick out to sides, slightly posterior. Giraffe ears
spinous process
vertebrae: pointy or curved posterior part. Ex. giraffe snout
inferior notch
vertebrae: rainbow shaped arch on underside of pedicle in lateral (side) view
pedicle
vertebrae: side of vertebrae, neck like is size and shape
lamina(e)
vertebrae: where the eyes would be on the giraffe or moose, wraps around. Is similar to a body of a bone
Frontal (coronal) plane
vertical plane dividing the body or structure into anterior and posterior portions
ramus of mandible
vertical portion of the mandible
Carpus
wrist
