ANATOMY Lab Practical

1. What is the name of the highlighted structure? 2. Identify the function of the highlighted structure.

1. This is the esophagus 2. Function propulsion of the bolus by peristalsis to the stomach

Which of the hormones listed below is/are produced by the adrenal gland in the specilic region indicated in the figure? 1. aldosterone 2. androgens 3. cortisol 4. epinephrine 5. norepinephrine

4, 5

Match the following letters to their corresponding structures A B C D E F

A) connective tissue capsule B) adrenal cortex C) adrenal medulla D) zona glomerulosa E) zona fasiculata F) zona reticularis

List the principal action of the hormone produced by the highlighted endocrine structure

Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) decreases blood pressure. 'this the heart; not the thymus; the thymus is located underneath the manubrium of the sternum and would be superior the heart

The digestive function of the indicated organ is to produce ___ which emulsifies ___

Bile Fats

Identify the highlighted structures in this cross section of the penis

Bulbourethral glands

This region of the stomach is known as the ___.

Cardia

The highlighted regions of the interior kidney are known as renal ___, these are located between subsequent renal ___

Columns Pyramids

Which of the following gives the correct order of layers the sperm crosses when entering the egg?

Corona radiata, zona pellucida, oocyte plasma membrane

Which of the labeled features in the illustration shown is a mature (Graafian) follicle?

D

The highlighted structure in this image is known as the:

External urethral orifice

The structure indicated in this image is the renal sinus. T/F

False; renal pelvis

This portion of the male urethra is known as the intermediate membranous) urethra. T/F

False; spongy urethra

The indicated structure is known as the upper lingual frenulum. T/F

False; superior labial frenulum

When dissecting a cadaver's abdomenafter the skin and superficial and fascia have been removed, this highlighted structure will be the first structure visible. What is this called?

Greater omentum

Name the following brain structure

Hypothalamus

In the figure shown, what is secreted by the indicated cell?

Insulin

The highlighted structure (circled in yellow) is known as the ___ it is the free border of the ___ which is a fold of the parietal peritoneum located between the two major lobes of the liver

Ligamentum teres Falciform ligament

The highlighted structures are known as the ___ the testes. Each one contains one to three tightly coiled ___ where ___ (name of the process) occurs.

Lobules Tubules spermatogenesis

The kidneys (as well as other anatomical structures) said to be retroperitoneal. What does this mean? What are some other retroperitoneal structures?

Located behind the peritoneum; found against the posterior abdominal wall. not the anterior abdominal wall only covered by peritoneum on their anterior surface. Kidneys, ureters

Name the smooth muscle layers indicated by the letters A, B, and C

Longitudinal Circular Oblique

The highlighted teeth are known as:

Mandibular central incisors

Letter E is pointing to the sperm's:

Middle piece

List the principal actions of the hormones produced by the highlighted zone of the adrenal cortex

Mineralcorticoids , mainly aldosterone, increase blood levels of Na+ and water and decrease blood levels of K+

The indicated projections, on the open end of the uterine (fallopian) tube, create a current to help sweep the ovulated secondary ___ from the ___ cavity into the uterine tube

Oocyte Peritoneal

The cells depicted here are known as __ cells - the less numerous type of cells within the thyroid gland that secrete __ (hormone)

Parafollicular cells Calcitonin

1. What is the name of this structure? 2. How do you know?

Parotid duct You can see the parotid gland to the left

This is the ___ gland, which secretes the hormone ___

Pineal Melatonin

These circular folds found within walls of the small intestine are known as ___

Plicae circulares

The indicated region of the male duct system is the ___

Prostatic urethra

The vulva (pudendum):

Refers to the female external genitalia

The highlighted structures located within the kidney are known as ___

Renal calyces (major)

The indicated structures that "wrinkle" the inside the wall of the stomach are ___

Rugae

This portion of the colon is known as the ___ colon

Sigmoid

Identify the function of the highlighted structure

Site of sperm storage and maturation where they acquire motility and the ability to fertilize an ovumduring ejaculation epididymis propels sperm into the ductus (vas) deferens.

The following highlighted structure represents strands of connective tissue called the ___ the of the breast which extend between the skin and deep fascia and support the breast naturally.

Suspensory Ligament

What role does the highlighted organ (green) play in digestion?

The digestive functions of the gallbladder are to store and concentrate bile until it is needed in the small intestine.

1. What is the name of the region outlined by the black dotted triangle? 2. What is its significance? Be sure to mention: what its openings are for and why it has a smooth appearance

The floor of the urinary bladder has a small triangular area called the trigone. The posterior corners contain the two ureteral openings. The anterior comer contains the internal urethral orifice. Because its mucosa is firmly bound to the muscularis, the trigone has a smooth appearance. It also lacks rugae, which can be found in the remainder of the posterior wall of the bladder.

Identify the function of the highlighted organs. Make sure to include what is produced and the hormones produced/secreted

The ovaries are the female gonads that produce oocytes as well as the following hormones: estrogens, progesterone, inhibin and relaxin.

1. Is the green structure a cortical nephron or juxtamedullary nephron? 2. How do you know?

This is a juxtamedullary nephron. These usually have their glomerulus deep in the cortex, close to the medulla, and its long loop of Henle penetrates deeply into the medulla. In contrast, cortical nephrons usually have their glomerulus in the outer part of the cortex, and its short loop of Henle penetrates only into the outer region of the medulla.

1. What is this specific region of the indicated organ called? 2. How do you know it is this region?

This is the cecum- the first portion of the large intestine, An easy way to identify the cecum is by noticing the appendix extending off of it.

The highlighted region is known as the areola. T/F

True

This region is known as the renal cortex. T/F

True

In the figure shown of a transverse section through the abdomen (L2), what structure is indicated?

adipose capsule

In the figure shown, which structure is indicated?

cervix (of the uterus)

In the figure shown, what is the function of the indicated modification of the muscularis layer of the stomach?

churning and mixing

In the figure shown, what structure is indicated?

cystic duct

What is the area of the tooth labeled with the arrow?

dentin

In the figure shown, what structures are indicated?

haustra

In the figure shown (posterior view), what structure is indicated?

prostate

The Indicated structure is known as the ___ sphincter, it can close or open to allow food to pass from the ___ into the ___ of the small intestine.

pyloric stomach duodenum

Identify the highlighted structure

tongue

1. Name the highlighted structures. 2. What do they secrete? Be as detailed as possible. 3. Where are its secretions dumped into?

two semical vesicles of seminal glands: 1. They convoluted, pouch -like structures located posterior to and at the base of the urinary bladder and anterior to the rectum. 2. They alkaline, viscous fluid (to combat the acidity of the female reproductive tract) wat contains fructose (serves as an energy source for sperm), prostaglandins , and clotting proteins (to ensure that the sperm do not exit the female reproductive tract) 3. This fluid is injected via two ducts into the two ejaculatory ducts, and it accounts for about 60% of the volume of semen