Anatomy Lab Practical #2 (Lab 6) Axial Skeleton

Ribs

- 12 pairs

foramen magnum

- A large opening at the base of the skull through which the spinal cord passes.

Compact vs. spongy

- Both compact bone and spongy bone are parts of the bone tissue 1. compact- hard exterior 2. Spongy- porous interior structures of bone tissue.

Thoracic 12 vertebrae

- Chest

Hyoid

- a U-shaped bone in the neck that supports the tongue.

maxillary sinus

- a hollow space in the bones around the nose

(continued) frontal sinuses

- a pair of small, air-filled cavities located just behind your eyes in the brow region. Along with three other pairs of paranasal sinuses, these cavities produce a thin mucus that drains through your nasal passages.

styloid process

- a slender pointed piece of bone just below the ear.

Coccyx (3-5fused, tailbone)

- a small triangular bone at the base of the spinal column in humans and some apes, formed of fused vestigial vertebrae.

Ethmoid (sieve-like)*

- a square bone at the root of the nose; forming part of the cranium.

crista galli

- a thick, midline, smooth triangular process arising from the superior surface of the ethmoid bone, projecting into the anterior cranial fossa.

Lordosis

- abnormal anterior curvature of the lumbar spine (sway-back condition)

Scoliosis

- abnormal lateral curvature of the spine

Transverse foramina

- an opening that is occupied by the vertebral artery and vein in the first six vertebrae and only the vertebral vein in the seventh.

Dens

- an upward projectile of bone that arises from the front part of the center of the axis vertebra.

temporal process (of zygomatic arch)

- arch of bone extending posteriorly from the zygomatic bone.

zygomatic process

- arched process projecting from the lower part of the squamous portion of the temporal bone. It articulates with the zygomaticbone.

mandibular condyles

- articulates with the mandibular fossa of the temporal bone

Surface for articulation of SI joint

- articulation between the auricular surfaces of the sacrum and ilium.

true (7)

- attach directly to the sternum

false (3)

- attach to the 7th costal cartilage

Occipital*

- back of head

Sacrum (5 fused)

- bone formed from five vertebrae fused together near the base of the spinal column

Facial Bones*

- bones of the face

Sternum*

- breast bone

Vertebra*

- each of the series of small bones forming the backbone.

occipital condyles

- each of two rounded knobs on the occipital bone that form a joint with the first cervical vertebra.

Kyphosis

- excessive outward curvature of the spine, causing hunching of the back.

(continued) Fontanels

- infant is born with two major soft spots on the top of the head called fontanels. - soft spots are spaces between the bones of the skull where bone formation isn't complete.

sagittal suture (skull)

- is a dense, fibrous connective tissue joint between the two parietal bones of the skull

lambdoidal suture (skull)

- is a dense, fibrous connective tissue joint on the posterior aspect of the skull that connects the parietal bones with the occipital bone.

coronal suture (skull)

- is a dense, fibrous connective tissue joint that separates the frontal and parietal bones of the skull.

(sella turcica) pituitary fossa

- is a midline, dural lined structure in the sphenoid bone, which houses the pituitary gland.

external acoustic meatus

- leads from the outside of the head to the tympanic membrane, or eardrum membrane, of each ear.

Lumbar 5 vertebrae*

- lower back

Mandible*

- lower jaw

Xiphoid process

- lower, narrow portion of the sternum

mastoid process

- main function is to provide an area of attachment to several important muscles in the head.

floating (2)

- no anterior attachment

Nasal

- nose

Frontal (front of head)

- pertaining to the forehead

Thoracic Cage*

- rib cage

Hard palate

- roof of the mouth

Axis (C2)

- second cervical vertebrae

Lacrimal

- secretion of tears

sphenoid sinus

- sinus above and behind the nose

Skull*

- skeletal framework of the head of vertebrate

mandibular fossa

- smooth concave articular surface formed by both the squamous and petrous parts of the temporal bone.

Vertebral Column*

- spine (in general) - the bones that make up the spinal column. - a series of approximately 33 bones called vertebrae, which are separated by intervertebral discs.

Atlas (C1)

- supports the skull. First cervical vertebrae

Temporal*

- temples (are where hair loss is frequent)

body (sternum)

- the bony structure that forms the middle portion of the sternum

squamosal suture (skull)

- the cranial suture between the temporal and parietal bones bilaterally.

Epiphyseal line

- the line marking the site of an epiphyseal plate that has has stopped growing and become ossified. - located at the junction of the epiphysis and diaphysis

Cervical 7 vertebrae

- the neck

optic foramen

- the opening through which the optic nerve runs back into the brain and the large ophthalmic artery enters the orbit.

Lacrimal duct

- the passageway that drains excess tears into the nose

cribriform plate

- the portion of the ethmoid bone that forms the roof of the nasal cavity.

Zygomatic*

- the temporal bone of the skull that forms the prominence of the cheek.

Palatine

- two irregular bones of the facial skeleton - palate

Maxilla*

- upper jaw

Manubrium (sternum)

- upper portion of the sternum

Sphenoid*

- wedge-shaped bone at the base of the skull

(continues) parietal grooves

-groove vessels

Parietal

-walls of the head

Fontanels (infant skull)*

1. anterior fontanelle (Also called soft spot) 2. posterior fontanelle - the junction of the two parietal bones and the occipital bone.

Sutures (adult skull)*

1. coronal 2. sagittal 3. lambdoidal 4. squamosal sutures