Anatomy Lesson 4

Intermetatarsal Joints

(4 joints in each foot)Located b/t the bases of each adjacent metatarsal. Gliding joints-slight movement.

Metatarsophalangeal (MTP)

(5 joints in each foot) Located b/t the metatarsal bones(head) & the proximal phalanges. Synovial condylar joints, permitting abduction, adduction, flexion,& extension, some circumduction

Tarsometatarsal Joints

(5 joints in each foot) Located b/t the tarsal & metatarsal bones of the foot. Synovial gliding joints.

Interphalangeal Joints

(9 in each foot) Located b/t the phalanges of each toe.

Navicular (Scaphoid)

(boat shaped), Lies anterior to the talus & posterior to the 3 cuneiforms. It is found on the MEDIAL SIDE of the foot. It has a tuberosity.

# of phalanges in the foot

14

# of bones in the foot

26

# of metatarsal bones in the foot

5

# of Digits or Toes

5 (made up by 14 phalanges)

Metatarsal Bones

5 bones, each one articulates to a toe, each has a base, body, & head (miniature long bones). The heads of the metatarsals help form the ball of the foot.

# of tarsal bones in the foot

7

Sustentaculum Tail

A small shelf found on the medial aspect of the calcaneous. This shelf projects medially & goes into the bone.

Position of the 3 Cuneiforms

All 3 cuneiforms lie ANTERIOR to the NAVICULAR bone & POSTERIOR to the METATARSALS.

Talus (Astragalus)

Also called the ankle bone. Lies b/t the distal aspect of the tibia bone and the calcaneous. Tibia superior to it, calcaneous inferior to it. This bone transmits most of the body's weight to the calcaneous.

posterior tarsal group

Calcaneous (Os Calcis), Talus (Astragalus), Navicular(Scaphoid)

Talipes Equinovarus

Club Foot

Neck of the Talus

Constricted portion lying b/t the body & head.

anterior tarsal group

Cuboid, Medial Cuneiform (first cuneiform), Intermediate Cuneiform (middle cuneiform), Lateral Cuneiform (third cuneiform)

# of phalanges that make up the Great Toe & digits 2-5

Digits 2-5 have 3 phalanges (proximal, middle, distal) & the Great Toe has only 2 phalanges (proximal, distal).

Metatarsophalangeal Joints (MTP Joints)

Formed by the articulation of the heads of the metatarsal bones with the proximal phalanges.

Tarsometatarsal Joints

Formed by the articulaton of the base of the metatarsal bones with the anterior tarsals.

Potts Fracture

Fracture of the ankle ( a break in the Fibula accompanied by a break in the malleolous of the Tibia & dislocation of the ankle joint.

Another name for the Great Toe

Hallux

The 5th Metatarsal

Has a tuberosity on it's lateral side (often fractures when struck).

Sinus Tarsi

Hole found b/t the talocalcaneal joint (b/t the Talus & the Calcaneous). Seen best on a medial oblique (30 degree) of the foot

Talotibial Joint

Joint found b/t the distal Tibia & the Talus.

Body of the Talus

Large posterior part. The medial and lateral surfaces of the body of the talus communicate w/ the medial & lateral malleoli of the tib/fib to help form the ANKLE JOINT OR ANKLE MORTISE.

Cuboid (cube shaped bone)

Lies on the LATERAL SIDE of the foot. Articulates posteriorly w/ the calcaneous, & anteriorly w/ the 4th & 5th metatarsal bones.

Interphalangeal Joint

Limited to the Great Toe(Hallux), located b/t the proximal & distal phalange of the 1st digit.

Ankle Joint (Ankle Mortise)

Located 2cm. or .75 (3/4) inches above the tip of the lateral malleolous. Formed by the Talus, & the medial malleoli of the Tibia,& the lateral malleoli of the Fibula.

Intertarsal Joints

Located b/t the adjacent tarsals. Synovial gliding joints, permitting movement of inversion & eversion of the foot.

Distal Interphalangeal Joints (DIP Joints)

Located b/t the head of the middle phalanx & the base of the distal phalanx.

Proximal Interphalangeal Joints (PIP Joints)

Located b/t the head of the proximal phalanx & the base of the middle phalanx.

Lateral Cuneiform (third)

Located lateral to the intermediate cuneiform, & posterior to the third metatarsal.

Arches of the Foot

Longitudinal Arch & Transverse Arch

How are digits named?

Named from the medial side or "Great Toe" side, as the 1st toe. The second, third, fourth, & fifth digit or toe follow.

Sesamoid Bones

Often found on the plantar surfaces of the metatarsophalangeal joints of the great toe, & 2nd toe, & sometimes other toes as well.

another name for foot

Pes

Head of the Talus

Rounded anterior end of the talus. It articulates to the posterior surface of the navicular bone.

Transverse Arch

Runs from the medial side of the plantar surface of the foot to the lateral side.

another name for Tarsals

Tarsus or Instep

Hallux Valgus

The Great Toe is angled away from the midline of the body or towards the other toes.

Calcaneal Tuberosity

The enlarged posterior end of the calcaneous that is easily palpable. People can get spurs in this area, causing pain. ACHILLES TENDON attaches to it's posterior surface.

Medial Cuneiform (first)

The largest of the cuneiforms. Located on the medial border of the foot, lying anterior to the navicular & posterior to the first metatarsal bone.

Calcaneous (Os Calcis)

The largest tarsal bone. It forms the heel. It is inferior to the talus/talus is superior. It has 3 smooth surfaces on top that help form a joint w/ the talus called the TALOCALCANEAL JOINT OR SUBTALAR JOINT.

Intermediate Cuneiform (second or middle)

The smallest of the cuneiforms. Located lateral to the medial cuneiform, & posterior to the second metatarsal.

Trochlea (pulley)

The upper smooth convex surface of the talus, which articulates to the lower end (distal) portion of the tibia.

Hammer Toes (Claw Toes)

Toes are flexed at the MTP joints permanently, usually occurs at the 2nd MTP joint.

Parts of theTalus

Trochlea (pulley), head of the talus, neck of the talus and body of the talus

Longitudinal Arch

Viewed from the medial aspect of the foot, formed from the tarsal & metatarsal bones.