Anatomy: Movements of Synovial Joints (Ch. 9)
adduction
From either position- radial or palmar abduction- WHAT of the thumb means to bring it back to zero position, touching the base of the index finger.
hyperextension
Further extension of a joint beyond the zero position is called WHAT. Ex.) if you hold your hand in front of you with your palm down, then raise the back of your hand as if you were admiring a new ring, you WHAT the wrist.
pronation
WHAT of the foot is a combination of the dorsiflexion, eversion, and abduction- that is the toes are elevated and turned away from the other foot and the sole is tilted away from the other foot
supination
WHAT of the forearm is a movement that turns the palm to face anteriorly or upward; in anatomical position, the forearm is supinated and the radius is parallel to the ulna.
flexion
WHAT of the thumb is bending the joints so the tip of the thumb is directed toward the palm
flexion
WHAT of the vertebral column produces forward-bending movements, as in tilting the head forward or bending at the waist in the toe-touching exercise.
extension
WHAT of the vertebral column straightens the trunk or the neck, as in standing up or returning the head to a forward-looking (zero) position
ulnar flexion
WHAT tilts the hand toward the little finger
radial flexion
WHAT tilts the hand toward the thumb
supination
WHAT of the foot is a combination of plantar flexion, inversion, and adduction- the toes are lowered and turned toward the other foot and the sole is tilted toward it.
extension
A movement that straightens a joint and generally returns a body part to the zero position- ex.) straightening the elbow, wrist, or knee, or returning the arm or thigh back to zero position.
retract
After the bite is taken, we WHAT?
adduction
Bringing the fingers together so they touch along their surfaces
lateral rotation
If you make the opposite motion, so the forearm points away from your body, your humerus exhibits WHAT?
radial abduction
If you move your thumb away from the index finger so they form a 90 degree angle (but both are on the plane of the table top), the thumb movement is called WHAT?
medial rotation
If you stand with bent elbow and move your forearm to place your palm against your abdomen, your humerus spins in a motion called WHAT?
protract
In preparation to bite, we WHAT the mandible to bring the lower incisors forward.
hyperadducted
Some joints can be WHAT, as when you stand with your ankles crossed, cross your fingers.
abduction
Spreading the fingers apart
elevate
The incisors can cut off the piece of food
lateral excursion
This entails a side-to-side movement of the mandible called WHAT? (movement to the left or right of the zero position)
depress
To actually take the bite, we must WHAT the mandible to open the mouth
right or left rotation
Twisting at the waist or turning of the head is called WHAT? when the chest or the face turns to the right or left of the forward-facing zero position
inversion
WHAT is a foot movement that tips the soles medially, somewhat facing eachother
rotation
WHAT is a movement in which a bone spins on its longitudinal axis. Ex.) If you stand with bent elbow and move your forearm to place your palm against your abdomen, your humerus spins in a motion called medial rotation
dorsiflexion
WHAT is a movement in which the toes are elevated, as one might do in applying toenail polish
flexion
WHAT is a movement that decreases a joint angle, usually in the sagittal plane. This is particularly common at hinge joints- ex.) bending of the elbow or knee
eversion
WHAT is a movement that tips the soles laterally, away from each other
hyperextension
WHAT is employed in looking up toward the sky or bending over backward.
plantar flexion
WHAT is movement of the foot so the toes point downward as in pressing the gas pedal of a car or standing on tip toes
retraction
WHAT is posterior movement. Your shoulder WHA when you reach in front of you to push a door open. It retracts when you return it to resting (zero) position or pull the shoulders back to stand at military attention.
extension
WHAT is straightening the thumb
protraction
WHAT is the anterior movement of a body part in the transverse (horizontal) plane
adduction
WHAT is the movement in the frontal plane back toward the midline.
abduction
WHAT is the movement of a body part in the frontal plane away from the midline of the body- ex.) moving the feet apart to stand spread-legged, or raising an arm to one side of the body
pronation
WHAT is the opposite movement, causing the palm to face posteriorly or downward, and the radius to cross the ulna like an X.
reposition
WHAT is the return to zero position
lateral flexion
WHAT is tilting the head or trunk to the right or left of the midline.
opposition
WHAT means to move the thumb to touch the tip of any of the other four fingers
palmar abduction
WHAT moves the thumb away from the plane of the hand so it points anteriorly, as you would do if you were about to wrap your hand around a tool handle
flexion
WHAT of the fingers is curling them
extension
WHAT of the fingers is straightening them
circumduction
WHAWT one end of an appendage remains fairly stationary while the other end makes a circular motion. Ex.) An artist draws a circle on a canvas, she WHAT the upper limb; the shoulder remains stationary while the hand moves in a circle.
medial excursion
movement back to the median, zero position in excursion
