Anatomy- Nervous System

35. Which of the above regions is responsible for various visceral activities?

Brain Stem

12. What are the 3 functional classifications of neurons?

Sensory, Associative, and Motor.

69. How many cranial nerves are there? _______________ Which cranial nerve is responsible for vision? ___________________ Which nerve is responsible for hearing? _____________________

1) 12 2) optic nerve 3) auditory nerve

66. What are the 2 functions of the pons

1) breathing rate 2) breathing depth

58. What are the functions of the Medulla Oblongata

1) heart rate control and blood pressure 2) breathing 3) Swallowing

67. What 4 structures make up the Diencephalon (interbrain)?

1) thalamus 2) hypothalamus 3) epithalamus 4)

18. What is the fastest rate of nerve impulse?__________________ What characteristics about the neuron allow for this quick impulse? __________________ What nerve fiber type has the slowest impulse? __________________

1. .5m/sec 2. Small/unmyelinated 3. Large/myelinated nerves

23. What are the two components of the central nervous system?

1. Brain 2. Spinal cord

24. What is the most superficial of the meninges? __________________. What is it composed up? __________________

1. Dura mater 2. Dense fibrous tissue

15. What ions are involved in a nerve impulse? _____________ and _____________________. Which ion is outside the cell of a resting neuron? _________ Which ion is inside the cell? __________

1. Na+ and K+ 2. Na+ and K+

19. What is the space between the terminal of one axon and the dendrite of the next neuron called? _____________ What are the chemicals called that are released at the site? __________________

1. Neurotransmitter 2. Synapse

26. What is the deepest meninges? ____________ What is its function? __________________

1. Pia mater 2.Protect the CNS

13. What type of neuron transmits impulses from receptors towards the CNS? Transmits impulses away from the CNS? Connects sensory neurons to motor neurons?

1. Sensory 2. Motor 3. Associative

68. What part of the interbrain functions to regulate emotions? ________________________________ Relay sensory information? __________________________ Regulates body temperature and heart rate? __________________ Controls circadian rhythms? _________________________________ Controls menstrual cycle in females? ____________________ Controls hunger?

1. hypothalamus 2. thalamus 3. hypothalamus 4. thalamus

22. Indicate the correct pathway of the reflex arc:

1. receptor 2. sensory neuron 3. associative neuron 4. motor neuron 5. effector(muscle)

73. What are the two divisions of the autonomic nervous system and when are they most active? (1)______________________________ is most active during ___________________________ (2)______________________________ is most active during ___________________________

1. sympathetic ________ 2. parasymathetic________

14. What characteristic of a neuron allows it to respond to a stimulus? To form an electrical impulse?

1.Excitability 2.Conductivity

17. What is a threshold stimulus?

A stimulus strong enough to cause depolarization.

21. What is a reflex?

An automatic, unconscious response to a stimulus or some change in homeostasis. Ex. Heart rate, breathing

9. What part of the neuron carries impulses away from the cell body

Axons

61. Where is the midbrain located?

Below cerebral cortex, between the forebrain and the hindbrain.

10. What structural classification of neuron has one axon and one dendrite and found in the PNS?

Bipolar

7. What are the 3 main components of a neuron

Cell body, Dendrites, and Axon

32. Where in the spinal cord is the cerebrospinal fluid located?

Central Canal

37. Which of the above regions controls coordination

Cerebellum

36. Which of the above regions is responsible for higher mental functions?

Crebrum

8. What part of the neuron carries impulses towards the cell body?

Dendrites

62. What is the function of the midbrain?

Influences motor functions

72. What is the Autonomic Nervous system?

Involuntary muscle control

75. What type of machine is used to measure electrical activity of the brain? 75

Electroencephalogram

4. What type of neuroglial cell form the blood brain barrier

Ependymal

What is the difference between excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitter?

Excitatory: acetylcholine, serotonin, dopamine, norepinepherine. Inhibitory: glycine, gamma-aminobutyric.

27. What are the two functions of the spinal cord?

It connects a large part of the peripheral nervous system to the brain The spinal cord also acts as a minor coordinating center responsible for some simple reflexes like the withdrawal reflex.

5. What type of neuroglial cell that protect the neurons by invading microorganisms

Micoroglia

11. What structural classification of the neuron is the most numerous and only found in the CNS?

Multipolar

6. Which cell is the functional unit of the nervous system

Neuron

1. What are the two types of cells in the nervous system?

Neurons and Neuroglia

2. What type of neuroglial cell makes myelin in the CNS

Oligodendrocytes

16. Explain the difference between a polarized and depolarized membrane.

Polarized means at rest and -70mv. Depolarized means an active impulse and +30mv.

3. What type of neuroglial cell makes myelin in the PNS

Schwann

30. How many pairs of nerves extend from the spinal cord?

There are 31 pairs of spinal nerves: 8 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral, and 1 coccygeal.

77. What kind of waves are produced from this machine

alpha, beta1, beta2, theta, delta

34. What are the three major regions of the brain?

cerebrum, the cerebellum and the brain stem.

25. What is the function of the cerebrospinal fluid

cushion the brain within the skull and serve as a shock absorber for the central nervous system, CSF also circulates nutrients and chemicals filtered from the blood and removes waste products from the brain.

76. What is this machine useful for?

diagnosis of many brain disfunctions

64. Explain peduncles:

direct connections between different portions of the brain

59. How is the white and grey matter arranged within the Medulla Oblongata?

grey under white

60. Explain "crossing-over:"

impulses fro one side of body goes to optic side of brain

71. The largest 2 of these cavities are called

lateral ventricles

74. Which of the above divisions is responsible for the "fight or flight" response?

motor (efferent)

38. What separates the cerebrum and the cerebellum?

the transverse fissure

65. Where is the pons located?

under midbrain

70. What are the interconnected cavities within the brain that circulate cerebrospinal fluid called____________________ How many are there? ____________

ventricles

63. Describe the appearance of the midbrain.

white matter