Anatomy of the Heart Review

aorta

the left ventricle discarges blood into the _____, from which all systemic artries of the body diverge to supply the body tissues.

left ventricle is thicker, why?

the left ventricle pumps blood though the high-resistance systemic circulation, so it has to be stronger than the right ventricle, which pumps blood through the short low-resistance pulmonary circuit.

Pulmonary trunk

receives blood from right ventricle, and routes blood to the lungs to be oxygenated.

Right Atrium

receives oxygen-poor blood from the body via superior and inferior venae cavae and the coronary sinus.

mitral or bicuspid valve

the left atrioventricular valve, also called the_____ or _____, consists of two cusps, or flaps, of endocardium.

The heart is divided into how many chambers?

4 Chambers 2 superior atria 2 inferior ventricles

left atriovantricular valve

AKA mitral valve or bicuspid valve has 2 cusps of endocardium.

right atrioventricular valve

AKA tricuspid valve has 3 cusps.

The left ventricle discharges blood into the __________, from which all systematic arteries of the blood diverge to supply the body tissues.

Aorta

pulmonary circulation

the heart functions as a double pump. The right side serves as the ______.

apex

the heart is more pointed ____ extends slightly to the left and rests on the diapgragm, approx. at the level of the fifth of the intercostal space.

In the heart, the left/right ventricle has thicker walls and a basically circular cavity shape

Left

What is the name of the 2 RECEIVING chambers of the heart?

Left and Right ATRIUM

The heart is enclosed in a double-walled sac called the

Pericardium

Difference between role of pulmonary circulation and systemic circulation?

Pulmonary circuit provides for gas exchange only, the systemic circuit provides the functional supply of the body tissues.

ventricles

the inferior heart chambers, actual "pumps" of the heart

Heart as a DOUBLE PUMP that serves 2 circulations

RIGHT side of heart pumps blood through the PULMONARY CIRCUIT to the lungs and back to the left heart. The LEFT side of heart pumps blood via SYSTEMIC CIRCUIT to all body tissues and back to the right heart. Blood flowing through pulmonary circuit gains oxygen from the lungs and loses carbon dioxide, and blood flowing through systemic circuit loses oxygen and picks up carbon dioxide.

The heart serves as a double pump. The right/left side serves as the pulmonary circulation pump, shunting carbon dioxide-rich blood to the lungs.

Right

papillary muscle

The chordae tendineae originate from small bundles of cardiac muscle called _____.

True or False. The blood flows through the heart in one direction, from the atria to the ventricles.

True

right and left coronary arteries

_____ and _____ isssue from the base of the aorta just above the aortic semilunar valve and encircle the heart providing oxygenated blood for the myocardium

pulmonary veins

______ deliver oxyen rich blood from the lungs to the lef atrium

heart

a cone shaped organ aprox. the size of a fist, is located within the mediastinum, or medial cavity, of the throax.

Blood flow through the heart

body --> superior and inferior vena cava --> RA --> triuspid --> RV --> pulmonary SL valve --> pulmonary trunk --> pulmonary arteries --> capillary bed of lungs --> pulmonary veins --> LA --> bicuspid --> LV --> aortic SL valve --> ascending aorta --> aortic arch --> descending aorta --> systemic veins --> coronary sinus

myocardium

cardiac muscle that composes the walls of the heart. It is reinforced internally by a dense fibrous connective tissue network.

pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves (SL)

composed of 3 pocket-like cusps that guard the bases of the two large arteries leaving the ventricular chambers. `

The functional blood supply of the heart itself is provided by the

coronary arteries

Four pulmonary veins

deliver oxygen-rich blood from the lungs to the left atrium.

-the pulmonary circulation is only gas excange in the lungs. -the systemic circulation provides the functional blood supply to all body tissues. or -Pulmonary circulation has CO2 rich blood sends blood to lungs to unload CO2 pick up O2 -Systemic circulation has O2 rich blod and circulate thru the body to supply nutrients.

differentiate clearly between the roles of the pulmonary circulation and systemic circulations?

interventricular septum

divides the heart longitudinally

coronary sinus

empties blood into the right atrium.

myocardium is largely drained by the

great, middle, and small cardiac veins, which empty into the coronary sinus

Heart is located where?

in the mediastinum, or medial cavity of the thorax.

ventricles

inferior heart chambers

base

it broader, ____, from which the great vessels emerge, lies beneath the second rib and points toward the right shoulder.

systemic circulation

left side pump, carries oxygen-rich blood from the left heart through the body tissues and back to the right side. Provides functional supply to all body tissues.

endocardium

lining of the heart chambers

atrioventricular valves

located between the atrial and ventricular chambers on each side, prevent backflow into the atria when the ventricles are contracting.

Function of valves in the heart

one-way flow of blood through the heart

diastole

period of ventricular FILLING, when blood is flowing passively into the atria and then into the ventricles, and AV valves open.

AV valves

prevent backflow into the atria

semilunar valves

prevent backflow into the ventricles

coronary arteries

provide nutrient blood to the heart muscle

pulmonary circulation

right side pump, shunting carbon dioxide-rich blood entering its chambers to the lungs to unload carbon dioxide and pick up oxygen, then back to the left side of the heart. Function is to provide gas exchange.

atria

superior heart chambers

left coronary artery

supplies the anterior ventricular walls and the laterodorsal part of the left side of the heart via anterior interventricular artery and the circumflex artery.

right coronary artery

supply blood to the posterior surface of the ventricles and lateral aspect of right side of heart, through its posterior interventricular and right marginal artery branches.

atrioventricular valves (AV) valves

the ______, located betwen the atrial and ventricular chambers on each side, prevent backflow into the atria when the ventricles are contracting,

pulmonary circulation

the _______ is only gas excange in the lungs. has CO2 rich blood sends blood to lungs to unload CO2 pick up O2

systemic circulation

the __________provides the functional blood supply to all body tissues. has O2 rich blod and circulate thru the body to supply nutrients.

tricuspid valve

the right atrioventricular valve, _______, has 3 cusps.

superior venae cavae inferior venae cavae coronary sinus.

the right atrium receives relatively oxygen-poor blood from the body via the _______ and ______ and ______.

pulmonary trunk

the right ventricle pumps blood into the _____, which routes blood to the lungs to be oxygenated.

systemic circulation

the second circuit, which carries oxygen-rich blood from the left through the body tissues and back to the right side of the heart, is called _____.

pulmonary and aortic valves (aortic SL valves)

the second set of valves, ______and ______, each composed of 3 pocketlike cusps, guards the bases of the two large arteries leaving the ventricular chambers.

atria

the superior heart chambers, "anterooms" of the heart

chordae tendineae

tiny white collagenic cords the ______ anchor the cusps to the ventricular walls.

The right atrioventricular valve, or _______, prevents backflow into the right atrium when the right ventricle is contracting.

tricuspid

epicardium

visceral pericardium

-superior and inferior venae cavae & coronary sinus-> -Right atrium through tricuspid valve----> -Right ventricle through pulmonary similuar valve -Pulmonary trunk & Coronary Arteries-->lungs now O2 rich blood (red) -4 pulmonary veins---> -Left atrium through mitral valve -Left Ventricle through aortic semilunar valves----> -Aorta

what is the blood flow through the heart?

pulonary veins------>heart------>pulmonary arteries--->pulmonary capillaries(lungs)

what is the order of the pulmonary circuit. 4?

systemic arteries-->heart-->systemic veins-->systemic capillaries

what is the order of the systemic circuit? 4?

systole

when ventricles CONTRACT and compress blood in their chambers, interventricular blood pressure rises, and AV valves close.

capillary beds

where gas exchange occurs of all body tissues.

chordae tendinae

white collagenic cords that anchor the cusps to the ventricular walls. They anchor the AV valve flaps in a closed position to prevent backflow into the atria during ventricular contraction.