Anatomy part 2 exam physhiology

Which is a function of the hypodermis? A.) site of regeneration of injured dermal collagen fibers B.) allows skin to be loosely anchored to underlying muscle C.) functions as a site for excess water storage D.) prevents dehydration

allows skin to be loosely anchored to underlying muscle

Name a muscle found within skin: A.) Biceps brachii B.) Triceps brachii C.) arrector pili muscle D.) errector pili muscle

arrector pili muscle

Referring to the ABCD rule, what does the letter "A" stand for? A.) absorption B.) adhesion C.) asymmetry D.) altered

asymmetry

Which of the 3 types of skin cancer is usually benign? melanoma basal cell squamous cell

basal cell

Skin is considered an organ because it contains all 4 types of tissue. CMEN Connective tissue, muscle tissue, epithelial tissue and Nervous tissue. A.) tendon B.) blood C.) cartilage D.) ligament

blood

Squamous cell carcinoma is caused by mutation of: A.) cells in the stratum basale B.) Cells in the papillary dermis C.) melanocytes D.) keratinocytes in Stratum spinosum

keratinocytes in Stratum spinosum

If tumor cells invade nearby blood vessels and spread to other body parts, that tumor: A.) benign B.) malignant C.) dysplastic D.) transitional

malignant

Melanoma is caused by mutation of: A.) melanocytes B.) keratinocytes in Stratum spinosum C.) adipose cells D.) basale cells

melanocytes

The ABCD rule applies to this type of skin cancer: ___ A.) all 3 types of skin cancer B.) only melanoma C.) basal cell carcinoma D.) squamous cell carcinoma

only melanoma

Skin is considered an organ because it contains all 4 types of tissue. Which of the following is a type of epithelial tissue found in the dermis of skin? A.) Ndense irregular tissue B.) adipose tissue C.) sebaceous gland D.) capillary bed

sebaceous gland

The rule of nines is used to: A.) to determine depth of a burn B.) to determine surface area of a burn C.) to estimate pain levels of the burn victim D.) to estimate infection risk for a burn

to determine surface area of a burn

Eccrine sweat glands are never associated with a hair follicle. true or false

true

What is the total surface area percentage if the following areas were burned? posterior surfaces of the head, entire trunk, and the right arm A.) 18% B.) 27% C.) 22.5% D.) 36%

27%

Which type of sweat gland is found in the axillary region (armpit area) of the body? A.) Apocrine sweat gland B.) Eccrine sweat gland C.) anular sweat gland D.) mammary gland

Apocrine sweat gland

What is the common name used by most people for a "hematoma"?

Bruise

Referring to the ABCD rule, what does the letter "C" stand for? A.) cohesion B.) color C.) change D.) calor

Color

Which produce sweat: -Eccrine sweat gland -Apocrine sweat gland -Sebaceous gland -Adrenal gland -Pancreas

Eccrine sweat gland Apocrine sweat gland

Regarding the ABCD rule, I mentioned another letter, "E". In the video, I said that the E stands for: ____________ A.) elevation B.) estimate C.) energy D.) extraneous

Elevation

Hair, skin, glands, and nails are specialized forms of __________ tissue. A.) Nervous tissue B.) Connective tissue C.) Epithelial tissue D.) Muscle tissue

Epithelial tissue

Sunburns always cause 1st degree burns true or false

False

Name the protein found within hair: A.) Keratin B.) Collagen C.) Actin D.) Myosin

Keratin

Which protein is produced by epidermal cells to help "waterproof" our skin? A.) Collagen B.) Keratin C.) Melanin D.) Pepsin

Keratin

A patient is treated for a 3rd degree burn. At first, immediately after the burn occurred, she does not complain of any pain in that area.

Nerve endings in the burned area were destroyed

Non-painful sore on lip that is getting larger might be: A.) Squamous cell carcinoma B.) melanoma C.) freckle

Squamous cell carcinoma

Skin surface is unbroken in a stage ____ bedsore. A.) Stage 1 B.) Stage 2

Stage 1

Bedsores can reach deep enough to damage underlying muscle in which stages? A.) Stage 1 B.) Stage 2 C.) Stage 3 D.) Stage 4

Stage 3 Stage 4

Select the Layers of the epidermis in which the cells are dead, with no nuclei: Stratum Corneum Stratum Basale Stratum Lucidum Stratum Spinosum none of the layers contain dead cells

Stratum Corneum and Stratum Lucidum

Skin is an organ that contains all 4 tissue types, nerve receptors in the dermis are an example of nervous tissue. TRUE OR FALSE

TRUE

Name 2 risk factors that will make you more likely to develop skin cancer:

Tanning beds and sun exposure

Blister formation can be seen with a second degree burn. true or false

True

Which factors play a role in the severity of a scald type burn? A.) Water temperature B.) Length of time in contact with hot water C.) position of the Earth in space

Water temperature Length of time in contact with hot water

Both skin lesions are examples of Basal cell carcinoma: --most commonly located on face, forehead, nose and shoulders --associated with increased UV exposure --usually are benign --usually are malignant --contain high amounts of melanin --arise from cells in the Stratum basale of the epidermis

--associated with increased UV exposure --usually are benign --arise from cells in the Stratum basale of the epidermis

This layer that stains darker is the_______ --keratinization begins (increased keratin production) --cells begin to flatten and become squamous --cells stain darker and look "grainy" --cell organelles begin to disintegrate and die

--keratinization begins (increased keratin production) --cells begin to flatten and become squamous --cells stain darker and look "grainy" --cell organelles begin to disintegrate and die

what did I list as the 2 most immediate and life threatening problems associated with a 3rd degree burn of the skin:__________ and __________?

1. increased risk of infection 2. loss of body fluids (dehydration)

Scalds from hot water can cause: ______ degree burns A.) 1st degree B.) 2nd degree C.) 3rd degree

3rd degree

The epidermis of thick skin contains _____ layers.

5

Using a complete sentence, define an organ: _____________

An organ is a discrete structure composed of at least 2 tissues, but most often all 4 types of tissues, that performs a specific function in the body.

Cells that produce the pigment, melanin, are known as melanocytes. Melanocytes are located in the stratum __________________ of the epidermis. A.) Basale B.) Spinosum C.) Granulosum D.) Lucidum E.) Corneum

Basale

Layer at the surface of the epidermis is the ______ a.) Basale b.) Spinosum c.) Granulosum d.) Lucidum e.) Corneum

Corneum

Which statement best fits the word: "scalding" A.) a burn due to high electrical voltage B.) a burn due to extremely hot water C.) a first degree burn that is not painful D.) blister formation due to a 2nd degree burn

a burn due to extremely hot water

Which type of burn may be at risk for infection? A.) only first degree burns b.) only third degree burns c.) both second and third degree burns d.) only in second degree burns

both second and third degree burns

Select all that apply to aging skin: --bruise easier during injections --thinner, more fragile --increased amounts of collagen fibers --increased amounts of elastic fibers --increase in wrinkles

bruise easier during injections thinner, more fragile increase in wrinkles

Skin is an organ that contains all 4 tissue types. What is the function of the arrector pili muscle found within the dermis of skin? A.) gives the skin more flexibility B.) contracts and pulls the hair follicle/ shaft creating "goose bumps" C.) contracts and pulls the hair follicle deeper into the adipose layer D.) retracts the sebaceous gland until needed

contracts and pulls the hair follicle/ shaft creating "goose bumps"

Poor circulation of blood to the extremities (fingers/toes) can lead to: _______ A.) hematoma formation B.) jaundice C.) cyanosis D.) hemorrhage

cyanosis

Before applying a skin graft, the burned area/ dead tissue must be removed . This process is known as: ___________ A.) escharring B.) debridement C.) necrotic scrapment D.) dermatome

debridement

All 3 types of skin cancer arise from cells: A.) epidermis B.) papillary dermis C.) reticular dermis D.) hypodermis

epidermis

Select all the locations that contain the protein, Keratin: -sebaceous gland -epidermis -hair shaft -hypodermis -fingernails and toe nails -papillary dermis

epidermis hair shaft fingernails and toe nails

Which of the following are reasons for the skin to appear unusually red ? --liver failure --fever --inflammation --anemia --allergic reaction --high blood pressure

fever inflammation allergic reaction high blood pressure

Which type of burn involves only the epidermis? A.) first degree B.) second degree C.) third degree D.) zero degree

first degree

Which part can be seen above the skin surface? A.) hair shaft B.) hair follicle C.) hair bulb D.) hair root

hair shaft

Jaundice in a newborn baby is usually a sign of: A.) under development of pancreas B.) diabetes C.) immature or nonfunctioning liver D.) malnourishment

immature or nonfunctioning liver

If a tumor is classed as benign, it means that it: ___ A.) is localized and will not tend to spread B.) is capable of spreading, but only through lymph vessels, not blood C.) benign means a tumor is small and will only spread if exposed to high temperatures D.) is bluish in color

is localized and will not tend to spread

Changes in skin color can indicate underlying disorders and / or diseases. --jaundice --cyanosis --a bruise that is about 2 days old --a bruise that is about 7 -10 days old --allergic reaction

jaundice a bruise that is about 7 -10 days old

What is the underlying cause for a "bed sore"? A.) loss or decrease of blood flow to the area B.) decreased ATP production due to lack of movement C.) increased inflammation in the area D.) idiopathic (no known cause)

loss or decrease of blood flow to the area

Burns are critical if: A.) over 5% of the body has 3rd degree burns B.) over 10% of the body has 2nd degree burns C.) over 10% of the body has 3rd degree burns D.) over 15% of the body has 2nd degree burns

over 10% of the body has 3rd degree burns

Where are bed sores most likely to occur? A.) the gluteal and lumbar regions B.) areas with high adipose levels C.) point of contact between a bony area and a surface D.) only in areas with high moisture levels

point of contact between a bony area and a surface

According to our textbook, most melanomas appear spontaneously but about 1/3 develop from:___ A.) pre-existing moles B.) pre-existing freckles C.) subcutaneous moles D.) spreading dermal moles

pre-existing moles

Healing by ____________________________ means that the edges of a wound must be "pulled" together using sutures/stitches to speed healing time. A.) primary intention b.) secondary intention C.) tertiary intention D.) actualization methods

primary intention

A sebaceous gland produces: A.) Sweat B.) sebum C.) mucus D.) saliva

sebum

Epidermal dendritic cells are located within _______________ A.) hypodermis B.) stratum basale C.) stratum spinosum D.) papillary dermis E.) stratum lucidum

stratum spinosum

Cells in the epidermis produce keratin, a protein that is involved in: _____ A.) giving skin its flexibility B.) waterproofing the skin to prevent dehydration C.) absorb and neutralize toxins that might otherwise enter the body D.) support and adhere cells to blood vessels

support and adhere cells to blood vessels

According to our book, why are 3rd degree burns of the face considered "critical" ? A.) increased risk of vision loss B.) increased pain response due to facial nerves C.) extreme danger of facial scarring D.) there is a chance of burned respiratory passages that can swell and lead to suffocation

there is a chance of burned respiratory passages that can swell and lead to suffocation

Which of the following are methods listed in the video powerpoints to prevent bedsore formation? -turn patient every 2 hours -ensure nutrition and water intake -keep skin moist and damp by using lots of lotion -apply creams that protect against moisture -change diapers at least every 4 hours -increase temperature of room -get patient out of bed - to walk or sit -use cushions to reduce pressure

turn patient every 2 hours ensure nutrition and water intake apply creams that protect against moisture change diapers at least every 4 hours get patient out of bed - to walk or sit use cushions to reduce pressure

Check all that apply to the growth of cancer cells: --uncontolled growth --rapid loss of cytoplasm --loss of specific function --lose contact inhibition and invade neighboring tissues

uncontolled growth loss of specific function lose contact inhibition and invade neighboring tissues