Anatomy Skeletal System test
Each complex of central canal and matrix rings in compact bone is known as ________.
an osteon (Haversian system)
Bone growth in width that occurs due to weight lifting at age 40 is most likely ________.
appositional growth
What type of tissue covers the epiphysis of bones and reduces friction in the joints?
articular cartilage
Two or more bones meet at a location called a(n) ________.
articulation (joint)
The skull, vertebral column, and thoracic cage form the ________ skeleton.
axial
The dens is a process projecting from the ________.
axis
The canal that runs through the core of each osteon (Haversian system) contains ________.
blood vessels and nerve fibers
The presence of an epiphyseal plate indicates that ________.
bone length is increasing
The axial skeleton contains ________. 1. skull 2. scapula 3. true and false ribs 4. vertebrae 5. phalanges
1,3,4
Small canals that connect osteocytes in their lacunae to the central canal are known as ________.
canaliculi
In lab, you find a vertebra with transverse foramina. Which type of vertebrae must this be?
cervical
From superior to inferior, what is the correct order of the vertebrae?
cervical, thoracic, lumbar
A bone fracture that results in the bone being broken into many fragments is a ________.
comminuted fracture
A fracture that is common in osteoporotic bones is a(n) ________.
compression fracture
Julie experienced a break in the shaft of her femur. What part of her bone was fractured?
diaphysis
A fracture in the ________ can impair the lengthwise growth of bones in a child.
epiphyseal plate
Which of the following is ONLY found associated with a child's bone?
epiphyseal plate
What does collagen provide as a component of bone?
flexibility
Which type of rib lacks an attachment to the sternum?
floating ribs
The fibrous connections between the bones of a fetal skull are ________.
fontanels
The large hole located in the base of the occipital bone that allows the spinal cord and brain to connect is the ________.
foramen magnum
The head of the humerus fits into the ________ of the scapula.
glenoid cavity
An incomplete bone break, known as a(n) ________ fracture, is commonly seen in children.
greenstick
The physician knew her patient was most likely a child before she walked into the examination room because the X-ray revealed a(n) ________.
greenstick fracture
The first step in bone healing involves the formation of a blood-filled swelling known as a(n) ________.
hematoma
What kind of tissue is the forerunner of long bones in the embryo?
hyaline cartilage
The hyoid bone is unique because it ________.
is the only bone of the body that does not directly articulate with any other bone
The area that causes the lengthwise growth of a long bone is indicated by ________.
label E
The area that serves as a storage area for fat in adults is indicated by ________.
label H
The parietal bone is indicated by ________.
label a
The diaphysis is indicated by ________.
label c
The area that contains glassy hyaline cartilage that provides a smooth slippery surface which decreases friction is indicated by ________.
label d
The greater tubercle and trochlea are bone markings situated on the bone marked by ________.
label e
The periosteum, a connective tissue covering on the diaphysis, is represented by ________.
label f
The ilium, pubis, and ischium fuse to form the bone marked by ________.
label g
The mandible is indicated by ________.
label n
The manubrium and xiphoid process fuse to form the bone indicated by ________.
label o
The femur, tibia, humerus, and radius are all classified as ________.
long bones
Which spinal curvature is associated with the lower back and appears when a baby begins to walk?
lumbar
Which of these bones is associated with the hand? talus calcaneus metatarsals tarsals metacarpals
metacarpals
The process of bone formation is known as ________.
ossification
What type of bone cell is primarily active when bone growth occurs?
osteoblast
When growing bones widen through appositional growth, what kind of cells add bone matrix to the outside of the diaphysis?
osteoblasts
The arrangement of bone tissue shown in Figure 5.3 consists of ________.
osteons (Haversian systems)
Mothers who breast-feed their children will lose a percentage of calcium from their bones. Which hormone is responsible for raising blood calcium levels when they drop below homeostatic levels?
parathyroid hormone (PTH)
Which of the following is NOT a function of the skeletal system?
regulation of blood pressure
How many true ribs do humans have?
seven
Cube-shaped bones that contain mostly spongy bone are called ________ bones.
short
The temporal bones are joined with the parietal bones at the ________ sutures.
squamous
Which of the following bones is considered part of the axial skeleton? femur sternum radius metatarsals scapula
sternum
In adults, the function of the yellow marrow is to ________.
store adipose tissue
Immovable joints are functionally classified as ________.
synarthroses
What determines where bone matrix will be remodeled?
the pull of gravity and muscles on the skeleton and calcium ion levels in the blood
Which of these bone markings is a projection that serves as a site for muscle or ligament attachment?
tubercle
What bones protect the spinal cord?
vertebrae
Which of the following could create an open, or compound, fracture?
when the broken bone penetrates through the skin
Identify the bones that do NOT house a paranasal sinus.
zygomatic bones
Which bones are commonly referred to as the cheekbones?
zygomatic bones
There are four stages in the healing of a bone fracture. Which of the following best illustrates the sequence of these stages? 1. bony callus formation 3. fibrocartilage callus formation 2. bone remodeling 4. hematoma formation
4, 3, 1, 2
The proximal epiphysis is represented by ________.
Label B
The patella is indicated by ________.
Label I
The radius bone is indicated by ________.
Label Q
The carpals are indicated by ________.
Label T
The fibula is indicated by ________.
Label X