Anatomy Study Guide Exam 3

Which of the following bones are found in the axial skeleton? Check all that apply

-Frontal bone -Cervical vertebrae -Sternum -ilium

Which of the following is an infection?

-Lyme disease

Which of the following is not a synovial joint?

-Symphysis

When doing jumping jacks, the feet are spread apart by

-abduction

Meanwhile, Jane is doing "lat pulls" by pulling downward on a wighted bar. This movement involves ------------ of her arms

-adduction

A synchondrosis

-allows bone growth

In ________, joints are inflamed, swollen, and painful.

-arthritis

Joints of the body, also called --------------, serve several functions. Most obviously, they serve to bind bones together

-articulations

Her shoulder joint is a ------------------- joint, allowing a wide range of movements

-ball-and-socket

Joints, such as those between the shaft and the heads of long bones of pre-adolescents, serve as a site for growth (elongation) of -------------

-bone

Osteoblasts are ______, whereas osteocytes are ______.

-bone-forming cells; mature bone cells

The ankle is able to --------- when pulling the foot and toes up toward the shin

-dorsiflex

The radial collateral ligament is associated with the

-elbow joint

Lifting the mandible to close the mouth is an example of --------------

-elevation

Turning the ankle so that the sole of the foot points laterally is called -----------

-eversion

Sam is doing leg presses, ----------- his knees as he pushes against the wights

-extending

The hip joint allows a greater freedom of movement than the shoulder joint.

-false

The symphysis pubis is a fibrous joint

-false

George is lifting weights. He starts by doing biceps curls which involves --------his elbows

-flexing

------------ is the bending of a joint

-flexion

Movements permitted by the elbow joint between the humerus and the ulna are

-flexion and extension

The metabolic process that generates 2 ATP molecules in the cytosol of a muscle fiber is called:

-glycoloysis

His elbow is able to bend because the humero-ulnar joint is a ----------- joint

-hinge

The knee joint is primarily a ----------------- joint, though it can act as a condylar joint when flexed

-modified hinge

Finally, the presence of joints allows the skeleton to respond to ----------- contraction by producing movement

-muscle

What is the name of the synapes where a motor neuron and a muscle fiber meet?

-neuromuscular junction

A sprain involves

-overstretched or torn ligaments and tendons in a joint

Pivoting of the radius against the ulna turns the palm down and back is called ------------

-pronation

The head ------------ when shaking the head to say "no"

-rotates

The striated appearance of skeletal muscle fibers results from the

-sarcomere organization

A synovial membrane

-secretes synovial fluid

The transverse humeral ligament, glenohumeral ligaments, and coracohumeral ligament are important in maintaining the stability of the ____ joint

-shoulder

----------- muscles are faster to contract and relax, when compared to the other muscles

-skeletal

------------ muscle filaments are arranged in sacromeres

-skeletal

------------- muscles contain troponin

-skeletal

Some joints, such as those between the bones of the ----------, allow change in shape of a body part during childbirth

-skull

----------- muscles can respond to neurotransmitters with inhibition of contraction

-smooth

----------- muscles respond to the neurotransmitter norepinephrine

-smooth

------------ muscles respond to hormones

-smooth

------------- muscles contain calmodulin

-smooth

---------------- muscles utilize ATP

-smooth and skeletal

----------------- muscles release calcium into the cytosol when stimulated

-smooth and skeletal

----------------- muscles' contractions rely on actin and myosis

-smooth and skeletal

------------------ muscles respond to the neurotransmitter acetylcholine

-smooth and skeletal

Regina began an exercise program six months ago, and the muscles of her upper limbs and lower limbs are more prominent. Exercise can lead to formation of new muscle by

-stimulating skeletal muscle cells to release IL-6, which stimulates satellite cells to divide, producing more muscle cells

Most joints of the skeletal system are

-synovial

Men and women begin to lose bone at the same rate by about age 70

-true

Muscular actions provide muscle tone, generate heat and propel body fluids.

-true

For each joint type, drop it into the box describing its type of movement.

Diarthrotic joints -synovial joint Amphiarthrotic joints -syndesmosis -symphysis Synarthrotic joints -suture -gomphosis -synchondrosis -synostosis