Anatomy week 2

is the form of energy that cells generally use.

ATP

Glucose

Glucose

Hydrophilic

Which term means "water loving" and applies to the phospholipid head?

free radical

A _____ is a functional group that is temporarily unattached and is highly reactive because of unpaired electrons.

all available bonds of its hydrocarbon chain are filled.

A saturated fatty acid is one in which

phospholipid AND steroid.

A structural lipid found in the cell membrane is a:

FALSE

A triglyceride is composed of a glycerol molecule and three of the same type of fatty acid.

nueclic acid

A very large molecule composed of subunits of sugar, a nitrogen base, and a phosphate bond is a

electrolytes

All of the following substances are organic except: lipids. electrolytes. carbohydrates. proteins.

carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, and nitrogen

All proteins have which four elements?

peptide bonds.

Amino acids frequently become joined by:

polymer.

Any large molecule made up of many identical small molecules is called a(n)

TRUE

Chaperone proteins assist in the proper folding of other proteins so they can have the correct functional shape. T/F

information molecules

DNA and RNA are important because

is a double-helix strand of nucleotides.

DNA is:

essential amino acids.

Humans can synthesize 13 of 21 basic amino acids; the remaining 8, which must be included in the diet, are called:

GATCCGAC.

If one side of a DNA molecule is CTAGGCTG, the other side would be:

adenine; thymine

In base pairing of DNA molecules, _____ is bound to _____.

amino acids.

Peptide bonds join together molecules of:

Both have a ring structure in their molecule.

Prostaglandins and steroids share which of the following characteristics?

amino acids.

Proteins are polymers of

FALSE

RNA and DNA have the same pyrimidine bases but different purine bases. T/F

glycogen

Sometimes referred to as animal starch, _____ is the main polysaccharide in the body.

Secondary

The alpha helix is an example of which level of protein structure?

NH3+.

The amino group in an amino acid is:

fatty acids and glycerol.

The basic building blocks of fats are:

organic molecules.

The carbon-containing molecules formed by living things are often called

nitrogen.

The element that is present in all proteins but not in carbohydrates is:

dehydration synthesis.

The formation of sucrose involves the removal of a molecule of water. This is called:

prostaglandin

The lipid that is often referred to as a tissue hormone is

Structural and functional

The roles played by proteins can be divided into which categories?

carbohydrate and protein; protein

The term glycoprotein, a combination of two words, tells you that the compound is made of _____, with _____ being the dominant component.

LDL.

The type of lipoprotein associated with "bad" cholesterol and the production of atherosclerotic changes in blood vessels is:

steroids.

The types of lipids found that form hormones, such as cortisone, estrogen, and testosterone are:

will kink or bend because of the double bonds between the carbon atoms.

Unsaturated fats:

Shape

What determines how a protein performs?

Degree of saturation

What is the most important factor in determining the physical and chemical properties of fatty acids?

Functional group

What term is often used to describe certain arrangements of atoms attached to the carbon core of many organic molecules?

FALSE

When two amino acids are joined, a peptide bond is formed and an H+ ion is released

Maltose

When two molecules of glucose are joined, they form which disaccharide?

Creatine phosphate

Which energy-releasing or energy-transferring molecule does not contain a nucleotide?

Primary

Which level of protein structure refers to the number, kind, and sequence of amino acids?

Prostaglandin

Which lipid acts as a "tissue hormone"?

Steroids

Which lipid is part of vitamin D?

Salts

Which of the following is not one of the major groups of organic substances in the human body?

It contains ribose sugar. It contains adenine. It is composed of smaller molecules called nucleotides.

Which of the following is not true of RNA?

They both contain a hydrophobic and hydrophilic end.

Which of the following is not true of both triglycerides and phospholipids?

They include substances commonly called sugars. They are the body's primary source of energy. They are a part of both DNA and RNA.

Which of the following is not true of carbohydrates?

Glycogen

Which of the following is polymer of glucose that is sometimes referred to as animal starch?

polysaccharide

Which of these is not a lipid? fat steroid cholesterol polysaccharide