Ancient Greek and Roman burials

There were ___ classifications of tombs in ancient greek

4

Greek funeral procession started when?

After a day of lying in state and one hour before dawn.

Cult of Dionysius

Greek god of wine. Followers held that the soul left the body in ecstasy to join this god.

Pollinctores

actually performed the embalming

The Romans believed in ________ which was the view of the afterlife which emphasizes __________________

animism, the soul as the vital principle

The well-to-do and wealth roman citizens the funeral processions had ______, ___ singers, jesters, actors wearing ___ mask of the dead person's ancestors, _____, and family,

bands, dirge, wax, memorials

At first the Greeks believed that the dead lived in a ____ existence ______ the earth

bodily, under

The law of Athens required _____________________

burials for all strangers

Conclamatio mortis

calling out the dead, which was part of roman tradition

The signs of the movement from polytheism towards christianity are the prevalent in the _______ of Rome

catacombs

The period in which the greeks achieved their greatest advances in arts, philosophy and political activity occurred during a period called the ______ or "______" age

classical, golden

The trip across the river styx required a ____ (___) valued at about ___ pence was placed in the dead's _____ for ______, also known as the _____. Without the fare the shade was doomed to _____ a ___ years along the ______. A honey cake was also included for ______ the _____ ___ ___ guardian of the ____ region

coin, obol, 3, mouth, charon, ferryman, wonder, 100, shoreline, Cerberus, three headed dog, lower

Kiones

columns greek tomb

Commune Sepulchrum

common burial pits used for the poor for group burials

About 1000 BC _____ came into practice in ancient greek

cremation

Mourners wore ___ colors, but the dead was robe in ____. A viewing was held to make sure __________ and that the body had ________. Female mourners preformed ____ ____

dark, white, death had occurred, suffered no violence. ritualistic wailing

Torchbearers attended ___ and ___ funerals and ___ the procession (modern day tradition of burning of the headlights)

day, night, led

The greeks believed in the concept of a shadowy afterlife peopled by the ________ souls. The practice of ____ supported this belief that ___ would help set the soul free

disembodied, cremation, fire

In ancient Greek first used _________ burials

earth

Roman burial locations were ________ ______, _______, ________

elaborate tombs, columbarium, catacombs

The well-to-do roman citizens the funeral procession was very _____ and held during the ____ so all could see the display of _______

elaborate, day, wealth

The _______ believed that the body and soul were composed of ____ and at death ___ therefore _____ any kind of afterlife

epicureans, atoms, disintegrated, negating

In ancient greek the ____ made preparation of the body for burial, a ___ ___ relative would ______ the body, as well as ___ the body with _____ and ____ the body in ___ ___.

family members, chosen female, wash, anoint, oils, robe, white linen

The greeks are credited with being the _____ to use _____ they believed in the power of the ____ to set the soul free.

first, cremation, flame

In ancient rome burials ____________ were strewn, ___ was burned and ______ boughs were placed outside the door as a _______ of the possible _______ of death

flowers, incense, pine, warning, pollution

Burial societies

formed to provide for the burial of the poor

Much of western culture in based on the culture of the ancient ______

greeks

Designator

he was the master of the funeral ceremonies and director of the funeral procession

Romans generally died at _____, they were ______, _____ with ___, ____ in a white ____ with the ____ of rank, put on a _____ _____ with feet to the door and would lie in state for ___ to ____ days

home, washed, anointed, oils, dressed, toga, insignia, funeral couch, 3, 7

The Romans believed that the dead ____ around the place of ___ and required ___ _____ from the descendants to be happy. Failure to make offerings to the dead would ___ ___

hovered, burials, constant attention, bring evil

Ancient Greeks believed death________________

is one of the harsher aspects of mankind.

The greeks based their ceremonies on the belief that the deceased must take a ____ across the __ ___ (also known as the ___ of ____) to the land of eternity called _____ ____

journey, river styx, river, hate, Elysian fields

Roman undertaking specialists were the __________, _____________, ___________, __________, and __________

libitina, libitinarius, pollinctores, designator, praeco

In greek processions any __ could join the march, but ____ had to be over ______ or related to the family and over the age of ______

man, women, 60s, 16

The Romans were considered to by _______ _________

master administrators

Asian ____ _____ fostered the hope of going to a _______ existence in the afterlife

mystery cults, pleasant

Cremation ___ entirely superseded ___ ____ but at times it was the _____ form of disposition

never, earth burials, predominating

After _____ day of lying in state the ____ _____ was formed to accompany the body to the tomb, it consisted of the _____ on a bier carried by ______ and ____ or _____ corpse bearers, _______ _____, _____ _______ and _____ ____ singers.

one, funeral procession, corpse, family, friends, hired, female mourners, fraternity members, hired dirge

Constantine set laws to prohibit_______

overcharging for funeral paraphernalia.

professional/Hired mourners

paid to give intense displays of grief including shrieking, tearing of hair and garments at funerals out of fear that the dead may be jealous

The well -to-do Romans were tended to by ______ ______ and marked the beginning of the ____ or ________ funeral director

professional undertakers, secular, non-religious

All deaths were ________ at the temple of _______

registered, Libitina

The general response of the Greeks to the thought of death was one of _____ not ___ of the glorious after life

resignation, anticipation

The greeks showed extreme _________ for the dead

reverence

libitina

roman goddess of funerals and corpses who registered deaths at her temple

sumptuary laws

roman law that stated that all individuals must be buried in dignified manner

Catholicism was found in ___ with the ___ being recognized as the ___ of Rome

rome, pope, bishop

the libitinarius was the forefather of the modern ______ _____ ____. He was responsible for supervising all aspects of the funeral

secular funeral director

The Greeks believed in the ____ of the ____ and the ____ so the body __ ___ necessary for use in the afterlife and the use of ____ was one option added to ___ and __ __

separation, body, soul, was not, cremation, entombment, earth burial

Funeral of feasts

signified the ending of the fast of the bereaved

The ordinary roman citizens the funeral procession was ______, _____ and held at ______

simple, plain, night

Traphezae

square cut greek tombs

Roman embalming was __________ with little done in the way of __________, _________ and _______ were used to mask the smell of decomposition

superficial, preservation, spices, perfumes

Naidia

temple like structures greek tomb

Praeco

the crier who summoned the people to the public funeral

Charon

the ferryman that carried people across the river styx

libitinarious

the head funeral functionary who planned the funeral, provided the anointing or embalming supplies, the hired mourners, mourning costumes and accessories

Stelae

upright shafts (slabs) of stone greek tomb

In ancient greek, coffins were made of _____, ____, or ____ ____

wood, stone, baked clay

It was not until after the _______ ________ that secular funeral director again appeared

Protestant reformation