Animal Chiro - Module 1 Exam - Pelvis

1. During the laboratory, all students accurately performed a patellar tendon reflex. This tested the integrity of the motor nerve pathway from what spinal segment? a. b. c. d. L4, L5, L6 (femoral nerve)

d. L4, L5, L6 (femoral nerve)

A 15-year old Labrador retriever dog presents with a 6-month history of a 'gag' or retching sound. The primary differential diagnosis for this dog is: a. Cervical muscle atrophy/cranial nerve 11 lesion b. Vestibular disease/cranial nerve 8 lesion c. Facial palsy/cranial nerve 7 lesion d. Mega-esophagus, pharyngeal paralysis/cranial nerve 9 or cranial nerve 10 lesion

d. Mega-esophagus, pharyngeal paralysis/cranial nerve 9 or cranial nerve 10 lesion

There are ___ pair of spinal nerves in the horse, ___ pair in the dog and ___ pair in the human. a. 42, 36, 31 b. 33, 28, 42 c. 42, 19, 27 d. 38, 36, 34

a. 42, 36, 31

The sacrotuberous ligament in the dog __________. a. Is a thick band running from the sacrum to the ischial tuberosity b. Will be tender on the side of the lower tuber sacrale c. Is used in a technique called the "Advanced" technique d. is not present

a. Is a thick band running from the sacrum to the ischial tuberosity

What is a clinical sign of a sciatic nerve lesion? a. Pain that radiates to the posterior lateral thigh b. Diminished or absent patellar tendon reflex c. Diminished or absent perineal reflex d.Knuckling

a. Pain that radiates to the posterior lateral thigh

Choose the list of clinical signs that demonstrate a peripheral vestibular lesion. a. Spontaneous rotatory eye movements, head tilt, circling to same side as the lesion b. Flaccid paresis to paralysis, hyporeflexia, rapid muscle atrophy c. Knuckling onto the dorsum of the paw, ataxia that is worse when blindfolded d. Spastic paresis, hyperreflexia, normal to increased muscle tone

a. Spontaneous rotatory eye movements, head tilt, circling to same side as the lesion

The LOC for a PI Ilium in the horse when doing a tuber sacrale thrust is P-A, M-L, I-S. a. True b. False

a. True

Inability to flex the hock in the dog could be indicative of a problem with the ______ nerve. a. common peroneal n. b. tibial n. c. femoral n. d. obturator n.

a. common peroneal n.

The hamstring muscles ___ the hip joint. a. extend b. flex

a. extend

The absence of a depression present between the ____ is an indication of a sacral base posterior in the canine. a. the contralateral tuber sacrale b. the ipsilateral ischial spines c. the contralateral tuber coxae d. the contralateral tuber ischii

a. the contralateral tuber sacrale

A "report of findings" just means you tell the client what you found on their animal and what you intend to do about it. a. true b. false

a. true

The horse has ___ sacral vertebrae where the dog has ___ sacral vertebrae. a. 3; 5 b. 5; 3 c. 5; 7 d. 7; 5

b. 5; 3

A 15-year old toy poodle presents with a deviation of the nose to the left, drooping lip on the left, and tongue that slips from the mouth to the left. One of the primary differential diagnoses for this dog is: a. Cervical muscle atrophy/cranial nerve 11 lesion b. Facial palsy/cranial nerve 7 lesion c. Vestibular disease/cranial nerve 8 lesion d. Mega-esophagus, pharyngeal paralysis/cranial nerve 9 or cranial nerve 10 lesion

b. Facial palsy/cranial nerve 7 lesion

The correct LOC for a sacral base posterior in the dog is A to P a. True b. False

b. False LOC = P to A

Choose the list of clinical signs that demonstrate a lower motor neuron (LMN) lesion a. Spontaneous rotatory eye movements, head told, circling to same side as the lesion b. Flaccid paresis to paralysis, hyporeflexia, rapid muscle atrophy c. Knuckling onto the dorsal of the paw, ataxia that is worse when blindfolded d. Spastic paresis, hyper-reflexia, normal to increased muscle tone

b. Flaccid paresis to paralysis, hyporeflexia, rapid muscle atrophy

Which of the following is true about a sacral apex deviation in the horse? a. There is only one accepted way to adjust it b. Horse may carry the tail to the side c. The horse will supply stabilization d. You must be directly behind the horse to accomplish the set up correctly

b. Horse may carry the tail to the side

What are clinical signs of a nerve root lesion? a. Hyperreflexia, spastic paresis, normal to increased muscle tone b. Radiating pain, numbness, or loss of motor control c. Edema, cool temperature, and pain in the distal extremity d. Knuckling, ataxia, and postural sway

b. Radiating pain, numbness, or loss of motor control

The first palpable sacral tubercle in the horse is _______. a. S1 b. S2 c. S3 d. S1

b. S2

Choose the correct statement from the choices below. a. The lateral wing of the ilium serves as the attachment for the longissimus and iliocostalis muscles b. The tuber sacrale is the entire dorsal edge of the ilium from its cranial border to the sciatic notch of the ischium. c. The medial wing of the ilium serves as the attachment for the middle gluteal muscle d. a and c are correct

b. The tuber sacrale is the entire dorsal edge of the ilium from its cranial border to the sciatic notch of the ischium.

Which of the following applies to D.D. Palmer? a. Came from a family of bonesetters b. Was a magnetic healer c. He was a Native American d. He grew up in Davenport, Iowa

b. Was a magnetic healer

Which of the following subluxations is commonly associated with anal glad issues in the canine? a. a PI ilium b. a sacral apex lateral c. a sacral base posterior d.an AS ilium

b. a sacral apex lateral

During the surgical removal of the anal glands in a dogs, the surgeon must be careful not to severe the ____ nerves because doing so can result in fecal incontinence. a. pudendal b. caudal rectal c. sciatic d. caudal gluteal

b. caudal rectal

Harvey Lillard received the first chiropractic adjustment to address his? a. low back pain b. deafness c. emotional issues d. vertigo

b. deafness

In discussing the term Subluxation, which one of the following statements is not true? a. neural integrity may be compromised b. functional and/or structural change is not usually a finding c. the autonomic system may be influenced d. articular integrity is usually compromised

b. functional and/or structural change is not usually a finding

The tuber sacrale are much closer together in a ___ than in a ___ considering the size variance. a. dog, cat b. horse, dog c. horse, donkey d. cat, pig

b. horse, dog

Stabilization of a joint prior to adjustment a. is the same for all species of animal adjusted b. is critical to make a proper adjustment c. does not take into consideration the LOC d. is not determined by the Doctor's body type

b. is critical to make a proper adjustment

This muscle is the major extensor of the back, helps maintain the stiffness of the back and is the major epaxial muscle. a. piriformis m. b. longissimus dorsi m. c. rectus abdominus m. d. tensor fasciae latae m.

b. longissimus dorsi m.

Choose the FALSE statement. a. the intertransverse joints are not found in the canine b. the base of the sacrum is the caudal end of the sacrum c. epaxial muscles are innervated by the dorsal branch of the spinal nerve d. the rectus abdomens m. attaches to the pubic bone and will flex the spine

b. the base of the sacrum is the caudal end of the sacrum

It is perfectly within the scope of practice for a chiropractor who has been trained in an AVCA approved program and who has passed the certification exam to make recommendations to the owner of the animal patients for supplements that will improve the animals healing process. a. this is a true statement b. this is a false statement

b. this is a false statement

In the horse all three bones that form the pelvis are united (ossified) by age _____ and all secondary ossification centers for structures such as the ischial tuberosity are united (ossified) by age _____. a. 6 months, 2 years b. 1 year, 2 years c. 1 year, 5 years d. 3 years, 12 years

c. 1 year, 5 years

Which of the following is not an indication of SI joint pathology in the horse? a. Poor performance b. Intermittent rear leg lameness c. Puppy sitting d. Lack of ability to cross rear legs in the spin

c. Puppy sitting

Concerning a PI Ilium in the dog, which of the following is true? a. the SCP is the Tuber Coxae b. The LOC is P-A, M-L, S-I c. Adjuster is on the opposite side of the dog as the subluxation d. Stabilization is of no concern

c. Adjuster is on the opposite side of the dog as the subluxation

When adjusting horses the adjuster's body position is very important because _____. a. Bad body mechanics will allow you to adjust longer b. Dr. Parrish will count off points on your lab practical if you are not in the right position c. Correct body position helps ensure correct LOC and safety of the adjuster d. it is impossible to adjust a horse with bad body position

c. Correct body position helps ensure correct LOC and safety of the adjuster

What pair of muscles lay against the lateral and medial surfaces of the anal sac in dogs? a. Levator ani and coccygeus b. Levator ani and sacrotuberous c. External anal sphincter and internal anal sphincter d.Levator ani and internal anal sphincter

c. External anal sphincter and internal anal sphincter

What is a sign of deficient proprioception in the dog? Choose the most likely sign. a. An increase in cutaneous sensation b. Hyper-reflexia of the patellar tendon reflex c. Knuckling onto the dorsum of the paw d. Fixed, dilated pupils

c. Knuckling onto the dorsum of the paw

Choose the temporal sequence for loss of function from a spinal cord lesion. a. Loss of deep pain → decreased proprioception → increased skin sensation → spastic weakness b. Loss of deep pain → decreased proprioception → decreased skin sensation → spastic weakness c. Loss of proprioception → loss of voluntary motor function → loss of superficial sensation → loss of deep pain d. Loss of proprioception → loss of superficial sensation → loss of deep pain → loss of motor function

c. Loss of proprioception → loss of voluntary motor function → loss of superficial sensation → loss of deep pain

In chiropractic listings on animals, the word superior actually refers to the ___ orientation of the animal. a. dorsal b. ventral c. cranial d. caudal

c. cranial

In discussing directional terms on the quadruped, which is not a true relationship? a. posterior/dorsal b. caudal/inferior c. cranial/ventral d. superior/cranial

c. cranial/ventral

Which of the species listed does not have a sacrotuberous ligament? a. equine b. canine c. feline d. bovine

c. feline

When checking leg length in a dog with a PI ilium and the dog is standing in a normal quadrupedal position. The ____ leg is the one on the side of the PI ilium but if you take the legs into full extension, the ____ leg is on the side of the PI ilium. a. short; long b. short; short c. long; short d. long; long

c. long; short

What is the segmental contact point when adjusting a PI ilium in the dog? a. the thenar eminence or guarded thumb b. the tuber coxae c. the tuber sacrale d. the pubic symphysis

c. the tuber sacrale

Pain upon full extension of the left rear limb would likely indicate which of the following subluxations? a. PI ilium on the right b. PI ilium on the left c. AS ilium on the right d. AS ilium on the left

d. AS ilium on the left

Patients with lumbosacral stenosis exhibit: a. Pain with pressure over the LS junction b. Pain from extension of one or both pelvic limbs c. Pain with motion of L7 or S1 d. All of the above

d. All of the above

Choose the list of clinical signs that demonstrate an upper motor neuron (UMN) lesion. a. Spontaneous rotatory eye movements, head tilt, circling to same side as the lesion b. Flaccid paresis to paralysis, hyporeflexia, rapid muscle atrophy c. Knuckling onto the dorsum o the paw, ataxia that is worse when blindfolded d. Spastic paresis, hyper-reflexia, normal to increased muscle tone

d. Spastic paresis, hyper-reflexia, normal to increased muscle tone

When adjusting dogs which of the following is true? a. Stabilization is not a concern like it is in the horse b. The SCP will change depending on the size of the dog and the adjustor c. The LOC will change depending on the size of the dog and the adjuster d. The CP will change depending on the size of the dog and the adjuster

d. The CP will change depending on the size of the dog and the adjuster

When referring to a sacral base posterior in the horse __________. a. The adjuster will always use the inferior hand b. The LOC has a lateral component to it c. Stabilization is provided by placing an assistance's knees under the pelvis of the horse d. The most difficult part of the adjustment set up is getting the episternal notch high enough to be in the correct LOC

d. The most difficult part of the adjustment set up is getting the episternal notch high enough to be in the correct LOC

An indication to use the ischial tuberosity as a segmental contact point for an AS ilium in the horse is? a. Fracture of the shaft of the ilium b. Fracture of the wing of the ilium c. Ischial Tuberosity fracture d. Tuber Coxae fracture

d. Tuber Coxae fracture

You are eligible to sit for the AVCA certification exam if you _______. a. successfully complete an animal chiropractic program approved by the AVCA b. have a DC or DVM (VMD) degree c. hold a current license to practice d. all of the above

d. all of the above

Choose the INCORRECT match of reflexes with nerves involved. a. canine rear dumb withdrawal reflex ---- sciatic n. (L6 - S2) b. patellar reflex ---- femoral n. (L3-L6) c. perineal reflex ---- pudendal n. (S1 - S3) d. panniculus relex ---- cranial nerve 10 (Vagus nerve)

d. panniculus relex ---- cranial nerve 10 (Vagus nerve)

A "sagging hock", inability to extend the hock joint and considerable sensory deficit down the posterior thigh and leg would indicate damage to which one of the following nerves? a. peroneal nerve b. caudal gluteal nerve c. perineal nerve d. tibial nerve

d. tibial nerve