Animal Nursing II Final Exam

What is left laryngeal hemiplegia?

-"Roarer" -Paralysis of left arytenoid cartilage -Results in recurrent laryngeal neuropathy -Occurs almost exclusively on left side

What is the normal depth of the gingival sulcus?

-.05-1mm in cats -1-3mm in dogs

How long should food animals be fasted pre-op?

-36 to 48 hours -Water for 12 hours

Which teeth have 3 roots?

-3rd and 4th premolars -1st and 2nd molars

How long should food be withheld from a horse pre-op?

-4 to 6 hours -1 to 2 for a foal

What is guttural pouch tympany?

-Accumulation of air in guttural pouch -Associated with abnormality of the opening to pouches

What breeds are mesocephalic?

-Beagles -Labrador retrievers

What breeds are brachycephalic?

-Boxers -Bulldogs -Persian cats

What are the premolars used for?

-Cutting -Breaking up food -Carrying

What is stomatitis?

-Diffuse inflammation of the entire oral cavity -Extends beyond mucogingival junction -Common in cats, rare in dogs

What is dorsal displacement of the soft palate?

-Dynamic obstructive disease -Occurs during exercise -Intermittent -Interferes with breathing

What are the treatment options for horses with arthritis?

-Exercise modifications -NSAIDs -Disease modifying treatments -Intra-articular medication -Arthrodesis -IRAP therapy (interleukin-1 receptor antagonist protein): Inhibits one of the main inflammatory cytokines responsible for pain and inflammation

What are incisors used for?

-Gnawing -Grooming -Cutting -Scooping

What is the grading system for periodontal disease?

-Grade 1: Inflammatory changes confined to the gingiva -Grade 2: Early form of periodontitis, loss of attachment is noted -Grade 3: Moderate periodonitis, 25-50 % of attachment structures of tooth have been lost -Grade 4: Severe periodontitis, attachment loss of 50% or greater

What is the grading system for periodontal surgery?

-Grade 1: Routine cleaning -Grade 2: Root debridement, subgingival curettage -Grade 3: Root debridement, subginbival curettage, surgery -Grade 4: Extraction

What is a hypsodont?

-Horses, rodents, lagomorphs -Continual growth and eruption over time

What is a brachyodont?

-Humans, carnivores, pigs -Have limited eruption/development time of teeth

What is masticatory myositis?

-Immune-mediated disease -Immune system forms antibodies toward component of myosin found in muscles of mastication

Which teeth should scissor?

-Incisors and canines -Premolars of bottom jaw and premolars of top jaw

What is arytenoid chondritis?

-Inflammatory, degenerative condition of arytenoid cartilages -Results in proliferative mass on one or both arytenoids

What are aradicular hypsodont teeth?

-Lack true root structure -Lifelong tooth growth

What can be some clinical symptoms of oral problems?

-Pawing at the mouth -Dropping or walking away from food after first bite -Rubbing face on furniture -Showing aggression when touched on the face

What are canines used for?

-Prehending -Holding -Tearing

How is laminitis treated?

-Reducing inflammation and providing analgesia -Promoting digital blood flow with vasodilators -Reducing inflammatory enzyme activity -Mechanically supporting distal phalanx by providing frog support -Nursing care to prevent ulcers and abscesses

What causes oronasal fistulas?

-Results from advanced periodontal disease on the palatal side of the canines -Abscess of the canine tooth

How are the teeth numbered using the triadan system?

-Right upper maxillary quadrant: 100 -Left upper maxillary quadrant: 200 -Left lower mandibular quadrant: 300 -Right lower mandibular quadrant: 400

What breeds are dolichocephalic?

-Sighthounds -Siamese cats

What does polishing do?

-Smooths surfaces -Removes extrinsic stains

How can clients reduce oral bacteria with home care?

-Teeth brushing -Diet -Toys

What are radicular hypsodont teeth?

-The apices eventually close -Growth discontinues

What is a periodontal probe used for?

-To measure sulcus or pocket depth -To measure tooth mobility -To measure furcation involvement -To measure gingival recession -To measure gingival hyperplasia

The last premolar is always which number in the triadan system?

08

What are the 3 main types of flexural deformities in horses?

1. Carpal 2. Distal interphalangeal joint (coffin) 3. Metacarpophalangeal joint (fetlock)

What are the common technician dentistry tasks?

1. Dental cleanings: Periodontal debridement and polishing 2. Obtaining diagnostic info: Dental charting and radiography 3. Intraoperative assistance 4. Client education

How long does it take for plaque to begin to mineralize?

24 hours after it adheres to the tooth's surface

At what age should permanent teeth erupt?

6 months of age

What is recommended as an antibacterial oral rinse when treating periodontal disease? A. 0.12% chlorhexidine B. 1.2% chlorhexidine C. 0.2% chlorhexidine D. 2% chlorhexidine

A. 0.12% chlorhexidine

Once plaque has formed on a tooth, how long does it take to mineralize if left undisturbed? A. 1 day B. 3 days C. 7 days D. 2 weeks

A. 1 day

The best time to dehorn a calf with a dehorning iron is at an age of: A. 1 month B. 3 months C. 6 months D. 12 months

A. 1 month

Abomasal displacements are most likely to occur in the first __________ weeks after parturition: A. 6 B. 8 C. 12 D. 16

A. 6

At what age would a cat be expected to have all of its permanent teeth erupted? A. 6 months B. 8 months C. 10 months D. 12 months

A. 6 months

Which type of diet is best to hep control plaque? A. A diet that has been manufactured and tested to reduce plaque accumulation B. Any hard diet is appropriate C. Soft diets are best in order to avoid gingival trauma from hard abrasive foods D. All veterinary diets now provide plaque control

A. A diet that has been manufactured and tested to reduce plaque accumulation

What is a feline resorptive lesion? Which teeth are mostly affected?

A. A tooth that has gone under significant root replacement resorption as seen by decreased root density and loss of the normal periodontal space. Cause is unknown. B. Premolars

One of the most expensive pieces of equipment for an arthroscope surgery is the: A. Arthroscope B. Cannula C. Rongeur D. Curette

A. Arthroscope

Where is the junctional epithelium? What does it do?

A. At the bottom of the sulcus B. Attaches the gingival tissues to the tooth

Where is the cemento-enamel junction? Is it normally visible?

A. Between the crown and the root B. Not visible in a healthy tooth

What specific retention suture is used in cows with vaginal or uterine prolapse? A. Buhner B. Mattress C. Inverted D. Everted

A. Buhner

In what location are feline resorptive lesions usually seen clinically? A. Cervical region B. Apex of the root C. Occlusal surface of the crown D. All locations are equally seen

A. Cervical region

Vesicovaginal reflux can lead to: A. Endometrial inflammation B. Vaginal inflammation C. Bladder infammation D. Kidney inflammation

A. Endometrial inflammation

What is the term used to describe the process of mechanically adjusting the occlusal surface of horse teeth by removing raised areas? A. Floating B. Bishoping C. Curettage D. Sailing

A. Floating

The NSAID that is licensed for use in the bovine patient is: A. Flunixin B. Phenylbutazone C. Rimadyl D. Aspirin

A. Flunixin

Which type of cleaning and shaping file used in endodontics is most susceptible to breakage? A. H B. I C. J D. K

A. H

Stomatitis, seen most commonly as lymphocyticplasmacytic stomatitis in cats, has what cause? A. Immune-mediated B. Uremia C. Viral disease D. Foreign-body reaction

A. Immune-mediated

Which regional analgesic technique involves injection of lidocaine directly over the incision? A. Line block B. Inverted-L block C. Distal paravertebral block D. Proximal paravertebral block

A. Line block

What is the structure of food prehension in the horse? A. Lips B. Premolar and molar teeth C. Tongue D. Both a and c

A. Lips

How do mechanical cleansing diets help prevent plaque and tartar accumulation? A. Long fibers oriented in one direction within a large kibble are designed to scrape the side of teeth as they penetrate the kibble B. Crisscrossed fibers oriented in a large kibble are designed to scrape the side of teeth as the teeth penetrate the kibble C. Small particles of digestible vegetable carbohydrate are placed in the large kibble designed to scrape the side of the teeth as the teeth penetrate the kibble D. Microscopic particles of inert silica are placed in the large kibble designed to scrape the side of the teeth as the teeth penetrate the kibble.

A. Long fibers oriented in one direction within a large kibble are designed to scrape the side of teeth as they penetrate the kibble

Equine limb bandage layers are placed in which order? A. Nonadherent dressing --> sterile roll gauze --> sterile soft combine --> roll gauze --> sheet cotton --> roll gauze --> Vet Wrap B. Sterile soft combine --> sterile roll gauze --> nonadherent dressing --> roll gauze --> sheet cotton --> roll gauze --> Vet Wrap C. Nonadherent dressing --> sterile roll gauze --> sheet cotton --> roll gauze --> sterile soft combine --> Vet Wrap D. Nonadherent dressing --> roll gauze --> sterile soft combine --> sterile roll gauze --> sheet cotton --> Vet Wrap

A. Nonadherent dressing --> sterile roll gauze --> sterile soft combine --> roll gauze --> sheet cotton --> roll gauze --> Vet Wrap

What is the definitive method of diagnosis for masticatory myositis? A. Serum and muscle tissue antibody analysis B. Viral isolation with electron microscopy C. History of inappropriate use of chlorhexidine with cytology of oral mucosa D. Internal oral examination and dental radiography of the maxillary fourth premolar

A. Serum and muscle tissue antibody analysis

Which organization has been established to recognize products that have been shown to meet predetermined standards of plaque and calculus retardation? A. The Veterinary Oral Health Council B. The American Veterinary Medical Association C. The American Veterinary Dental College D. The Food and Drug Administration

A. The Veterinary Oral Health Council

Which of the following is NOT an example of a class I malocclusion? A. The mandible is relatively shorter than the maxilla B. Lingually displaced mandibular canines C. Maxillary incisors are positioned lingual to the mandibular incisors D. A maxillary premolar is positioned lingual to the opposing mandibular premolar

A. The mandible is relatively shorter than the maxilla

What bovine disease may lead to peritonitis, liver or reticular abscesses, pericarditis, or vagal indigestion? A. Traumatic reticuloperitonitis B. Abomasal displacement C. Rumenotomy D. Abomasal volvulus

A. Traumatic reticuloperitonitis

Which type of hernia is usually congenital? A. Umbilical B. Inguinal C. Incisional D. Hiatal

A. Umbilical

Which is an emergency, vaginal prolapse or uterine prolapse? Which is fairly common?

A. Uterine prolapse is an emergency B. Vaginal prolapse is fairly common

What is prognathism?

Abnormal protrusion of one or both jaws, particularly the mandible (lower jaw extends further than the upper jaw).

What makes up the majority of surgeries performed on cattle?

Abnormalities in the GI tract

What instrument is used for horse castration?

An emasculator

What is the gingival sulcus?

Area located between the tooth and the free gingival margin

What is the area of furcation?

Area where the roots join the crown

What degenerative joint disease is a common performance-limiting condition for horses?

Arthritis

What is the usual minimal age that conventional root canal therapy is usually performed on dogs and cats? A. 6 months of age B. 12 months of age C. 15 months of age D. 18 months of age

B. 12 months of age

What is the suture type and pattern recommended to close an exodontic area? A. 4-0 or 5-0 absorbable braided in a simple interrupted pattern B. 4-0 or 5-0 absorbable monofilament in a simple interrupted pattern C. 4-0 or 5-0 nonabsorbable monofilament in a simple continuous pattern D. 4-0 or 5-0 nonabsorbable braided in a simple continuous pattern

B. 4-0 or 5-0 absorbable monofilament in a simple interrupted pattern

What is the minimum depth of a periodontal pocket in which doxycycline can be placed? A. 3mm B. 4mm C. 6mm D. 7mm

B. 4mm

Which of the clinical symptoms of oral disease may be manifested later in the disease process? A. Rubbing the face along furniture B. Anorexia C. Dropping food D. Pawing at the mouth

B. Anorexia

What is the cause of masticatory myositis? A. Viral infection of the muscle of mastication B. Antibody formation toward a specific component of myosin found only in the muscles of mastication C. A caustic reaction to a 2% chlorhexidine oral rinse D. Periapical abscess formation from an untreated complicated fracture of the maxillary fourth premolar

B. Antibody formation toward a specific component of myosin found only in the muscles of mastication

What bandage material is used to seal the top and bottom of an equine limb bandage? A White tape B. Elastikon C. Vet Wrap D. Ace bandage

B. Elastikon

Which anatomic structure would be the most radiopaqe on a dental radiograph? A. Cementum B. Enamel C. Dentin D. Lamina dura

B. Enamel

What is the purpose the varied grooves and ridges on the occlusal surfaces of the premolars and molars in the horse? A. Determination of age B. Grinding of food C. Defense against predators D. Prehension of food

B. Grinding of food

What is the function of HMP in a chemical cleansing diet that helps prevent plaque and tartar accumulation? A. HMP decreases the production of saliva, which contains the minerals associated with tartar accumulation B. HMP sequesters calcium in plaque fluids effectively preventing the mineralization of plaque C. HMP binds with magnesium in order to decrease mineral deposition in plaque D. HMP generates a thermal response in the oral cavity that effectively kills plaque-forming organisms

B. HMP sequesters calcium in plaque fluids effectively preventing the mineralization of plaque

The radicular hypsodont type of dental morphology is found in which species? A. Rabbits B. Horses C. Cats D. Pigs

B. Horses

Mandibular brachygnathism belongs to which class of malocclusion? A. I B. II C. III D. IV

B. II

A rumenotomy is performed by entering the patient's abdomen from an incision made in the: A. Right flank B. Left flank C. Ventral mid-line D. Dorsal mid-line

B. Left flank

For a patient with traumatic reticuloperitonitis, the surgery is performed by entering the patient's abdomen from an incision made in the: A. Right flank B. Left flank C. Ventral mid-line D. Dorsal mid-line

B. Left flank

Which type of dental crown has greater strength and requires less tooth removal? A. Porcelain B. Metal C. Zirconium D. Both a and c

B. Metal

The most common cause of equine ovarian disease necessitating removal of the ovary is: A. Benign tumors B. Neoplasia C. Ovarian cysts D. Ectopic pregnancy

B. Neoplasia

The procedure used as a salvage surgery in feedlot steers with obstructive urolithiasis is the: A. Ischial urethrostomy B. Perineal urethrostomy C. Ischial urethrectomy D. Perineal urethrectomy

B. Perineal urethrostomy

Which of the following is an example of regional anesthesia? A. Placing bupivacaine in an open wound to provide topical anesthesia B. Placing lidocaine at the foramen of the infraorbital nerve C. Placing bupivacaine into the periodontal ligament of the left maxillary fourth premolar D. Placing lidocaine into the periodontal ligament of the right mandibular first molar

B. Placing lidocaine at the foramen of the infraorbital nerve

Mares with abnormal conformation can develop: A. Pneumovagina and vaginal prolapse B. Pneumovagina and pneumouterus C. Pneumouterus and uterine prolapse D. Vaginal prolapse and uterine prolapse

B. Pneumovagina and pneumouterus

Cattle with pendulous sheaths, long prepuces, large preputial orifices, and the absence of retractor prepuce muscles are prone to: A. Obstructive urolithiasis B. Preputial prolapse C. Paraphimosis D. Phimosis

B. Preputial prolapse

Discolored teeth in the dog are most commonly a result of what disease condition? A. Canine distemper B. Pulpitis C. Periodontal disease D. Class IV malocclusion

B. Pulpitis

The most common surgical approach to the equine abdominal cavity is through a: A. Lateral flank incision B. Ventral midline incision C. Paramedian incision D. Paracostal incision

B. Ventral mid-line incision

What is empyema?

Bacterial infection of gutteral pouch

Where is the mucogingival junction?

Between the soft, fleshy mucous membrane of the oral cavity and the gingiva

What is the maximum safe dose for bupivacaine 0.5% for dogs? A. 1mg/kg B. 1.5mg/kg C. 2mg/kg D. 3mg/kg

C. 2mg/kg

What is the maximum safe dose for bupivacaine 0.5% for the cat? A. 1mg/kg B. 1.5mg/kg C. 2mg/kg D. 3mg/kg

C. 2mg/kg

Which bovine castration method has been linked to the development of tetanus? A. Pulling the testicles until cord breaks B. Crushing the cord with an emasculotome C. Application of an elastrator band D. Transecting and breaking the cord

C. Application of an elastrator band

On which teeth of the dog are crowns more commonly placed? A. Canines and mandibular first molars B. Maxillary fourth premolars and mandibular first molars C. Canines and maxillary fourth premolars D. Canines maxillary first molars

C. Canines and maxillary fourth premolars

Which tissue would not be considered part of the periodontium? A. Alveolar bone B. Gingival connective tissue C. Dentin D. Cementum

C. Dentin

Which regional analgesic technique involves injection of lidocaine parallel to transverse processes of the vertebrae L1, L2, and L4? A. Line block B. Inverted-L block C. Distal paravertebral block D. Proximal paravertebral block

C. Distal paravertebral block

Which animal cannot regurgitate? A. Bovine B. Porcine C. Equine D. Caprine

C. Equine

What is the treatment of choice for cats with tooth resorption? A. Deep root planing followed by fluoride gel B. Root canal followed by crown restoration with glass ionomer C. Exodontics D. Nothing, because cats rarely have clinical sign with tooth resorption

C. Exodontics

Intrinsic staining of the teeth that is often seen on the occlusal surface of maxillary molars in dogs would not be caused by: A. Trauma B. Tetracycline antibiotics during tooth development C. Food pigments D. Developmental defects

C. Food pigments

What therapy provides resolution to stomatitis in approximately 80% of cases in cats? A. Doxycycline at 2mg/kg for 14 days B. Dental cleanings every 3 months C. Full mouth or nearly full mouth extractions D. Crown restorations

C. Full mouth or nearly full mouth extractions

Dolichocelphalic skull types are typical of: A. Persian cats B. Labrador Retrievers C. Greyhounds D. Boxers

C. Greyhounds

Mandibular prognathism belongs to which class of malocclusion? A. I B. II C. III D. IV

C. III

For operator safety, what is the appropriate protective equipment that should be worn during a dental cleaning procedure? A. Gown, mask gloves B. Cap, eye protection, gloves C. Mask, eye protection, gloves D. Gown, eye protection, gloves

C. Mask, eye protection, gloves

What is the mechanism by which horses teeth are kept clean? A. Daily brushing B. Placement of HMP in drinking water C. Normal mastication of abrasive substances D. All of the above

C. Normal mastication of abrasive substances

When performing dental radiographs, which technique is most useful for obtaining images of the mandibular teeth caudal to the second premolars? A. Bisecting angle technique B. Occlusal technique C. Paralleling technique D. Cone-cutting technique

C. Parelleling technique

Attempts to save teeth with advanced periodontal surgery should not be performed unless the client is able to: A. Apply a 2% chlorhexidine rinse B. Consent to doxycycline gel therapy C. Perform daily tooth brushing D. Provide a soft-food diet for the rest of the patient's life

C. Perform daily tooth brushing

The instrument used to measure gingival sulcus depth is a periodontal: A. Explorer B. Curette C. Probe D. Scaler

C. Probe

Which form of local anesthetic delivery is most commonly used in veterinary dentistry? A. Splash block B. Local infiltration C. Regional anesthesia D. Both b and c

C. Regional anesthesia

To perform a thorough oral examination in the horse, which of the following procedures is necessary? A. General anesthesia B. Local anesthesia C. Sedation D. Both b and c

C. Sedation

According to the Mobility Scoring Index, how would a patient's tooth be classified if mobility were increased in any direction other than axial over a distance of more than 0.5 mm and up to 1.0 mm? A. Stage 0 B. Stage 1 C. Stage 2 D. Stage 3

C. Stage 2

What is the most common type of jaw fracture in the dog and cat? A. Temporomandibular disarticulation B. Ramus fracture C. Symphyseal separation of the mandible D. Fracture of the angle of the mandible

C. Symphyseal separation of the mandible

In a "true" breech in the mare, the foal presents: A. Forelimbs first head back B. Hind limbs first C. Tail first D. Head first

C. Tail first

Why are human toothpastes not used for tooth brushing in veterinary patients? A. They cause gingival ulcerations B. The mint flavoring is toxic C. They can cause stomach upset if swallowed D. Both b and c

C. They can cause stomach upset if swallowed

One of the most common intravenous drug combinations used for equine castration is: A. Xylazine/lidocaine B. Lidocaine/ketamine C. Xylazine/ketamine D. Lidocaine/thiobarbiturate

C. Xylazine/ketamine

Which tooth is always 04?

Canine

What is the most commone perineal surgery?

Caslick's surgery

What covers the enamel-free roots and provides a point of attachment for the periodontal ligament?

Cementum

Which tooth is always 01?

Central incisor

What is CUPS?

Chronic Ulcerative Paradontal Stomatitis --Mucosal ulcerations on areas adjacent to diseased teeth --Caused by bacteria in the plaque

What is the name for a malocclusion where 1 or more teeth are in abnormal position?

Class 1: Neutroclusion

What is the name for a malocclusion where the mandible is shorter than the maxilla?

Class 2: Mandibular distoclusion (Overbite)

What is the name for a malocclusion where the maxilla is shorter than the mandible?

Class 3: Mandibular mesioclusion (Underbite)

Prior to general anesthesia, feed should be withheld from an adult food animal patient for: A. 6-12 hours B. 12-24 hours C. 18-36 hours D. 36-48 hours

D. 36-48 hours

How many permanent teeth are there in the normal adult canine dentition? A. 32 B. 36 C. 42 D. 44

D. 42

What are some of the clinical signs associated with wry nose in the horse? A. Difficulty suckling B. Difficulty prehending food C. Severe dyspnea D. All of the above

D. All of the above

Which of the following are clinical signs of severe dental disease in the horse? A. Ocular, nasal, or oral discharge B. Weight loss C. Head shaking or tilting D. All of the above

D. All of the above

Which of the following are indications for restorative dentistry? A. Dental caries B. Fractured teeth C. Endodontically treated teeth D. All of the above

D. All of the above

Which of the following is/are reasons that bupivacaine 0.5% is commonly used in veterinary dentistry? A. Long duration of action B. Intraoperative pain management C. Post-op pain relief D. All of the above

D. All of the above

Which of the following are indications for exodontics? A. A grave prognosis for saving a tooth B. Owner financial constraints that preclude use of salvage techniques C. Multiple anesthetic episodes are contraindicated D. All of the above are indications for exodontics

D. All of the above are indications for exodontics

Why is doxycycline gel a drug of choice for the treatment of periodontal pockets? A. It has good antimicrobial spectrum against periodontal pathogens B. It has anti-inflammatory effects C. It has a space-occupying effect, which prevents food and debris from filling the pocket. D. All of the above are reasons for using doxycycline gel

D. All of the above are reasons for using doxycycline gel

Which of the following is/are true for dental impressions? A. Dental impressions are important in the treatment plan for orthodontic disease B. Alginate is the material used to fill the dental impression tray C. Dental stone is used to fill the impression so as to create a positive image of the mouth D. All of the above are true

D. All of the above are true

Which of the following chew toys has no potential for harmful effects when used to help prevent plaque and tartar accumulation? A. Rawhide chews B. Cow hooves C. Hard nylon bones D. All of the choices listed above have some potential harmful effects

D. All off the choices listed above have some potential harmful effects

What is the usual treatment of choice for masticatory myositis? A. Saline rinses of the oral cavity twice daily for 2 weeks B. Acyclovir orally once daily for 1 month C. Endodontic or exodontic treatment of the maxillary fourth premolar fracture D. An immunosuppressive dose of steroids tapered to a maintenance dose

D. An immunosuppressive dose of steroids tapered to a maintenance dose

Horses are administered NSAIDs post-op for which of the following reasons? A. Antifungal and analgesic properties B. Antibacterial and antiinflamatory properties C. Antiemetic and analgesic properties D. Antiinflammatory and analgesic properties

D. Anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties

Which teeth in dogs are most commonly fractured? A. Maxillary fourth premolar B. Canine teeth C. Incisors D. Both a and b

D. Both a and b

Once exodontia is performed what is recommended as a lavage solution? A. Sodium hypochlorite B. Isotonic saline C. 0.12% chlorhexidine solution D. Both b and c

D. Both b and c

The canine and feline teeth used for shearing and grinding are the: A. Canines B. Molars C. Premolars D. Both molars and premolars

D. Both molars and premolars

In obstructive urolithiasis, the most common site of obsctruction in cattle is the: A. Tip of the prepuce B. Proximal sigmoid flexure C. Glans penis D. Distal sigmoid flexure

D. Distal sigmoid flexure

In a bovine patient with foot problems, which claws are most likely involved because they are the weight-bearing claws? A. Front lateral and hind medial B. Front medial and hind medial C. Front lateral and hind lateral D. Front medial and hind lateral

D. Front medial and hind lateral

Which grade of periodontal disease often requires tooth extraction? A. Grade 1 B. Grade 2 C. Grade 3 D. Grade 4

D. Grade 4

The only easily palpable major salivary gland of the dog and cat is the: A. Sublingual B. Parotid C. Zygomatic D. Mandibular

D. Mandibular

Which regional analgesic technique involves injection of lidocaine cranial to transverse processes of L1, L2, and L3 in the bovine patient? A. Line block B. Inverted-L block C. Distal paravertebral block D. Proximal paravertebral block

D. Proximal paravertebral block

What is the main supporting structure of the tooth and is the second hardest tissue in the body after enamel?

Dentine

What is wry nose?

Deviation from the midline

What is the most common positioning for gastrointestinal tract surgery in horses?

Dorsal recumbancy

What is the hardest substance in the body and covers the exterior surface of the crowns only?

Enamel

What is the most common ocular disease of neonatal lambs?

Entropion: Inward rolling of the eyelid

What is a dental explorer used for?

Explores topography of tooth surface

What does distal mean?

Furthest away from the center of the dental arch

What are interdental papilla?

Gingival peaks between closely adjacent teeth

What are molars used for?

Grinding

What is the cattle dental formula?

I 0/3, C 0/1, P 3/3, M 3/3 Total of 26 teeth

What is the sheep/goat dental formula?

I 0/3, C 0/1, P 3/3, M 3/3 Total of 26 teeth

What is the feline dental formula?

I 3/3, C 1/1, P 3/2, M 1/1 Total of 30 teeth

What is the horse dental formula?

I 3/3, C 1/1, P 3/3, M 3/3 Total of 40 teeth

What is the canine dental formula?

I 3/3, C 1/1, P 4/4, M 2/3 Total of 42 teeth

Which direction do the legs face with a varus deformity?

Inward

Why is guttural pouch mycosis an emergency?

It can cause vascular occlusion of either internal carotid artery, external carotid artery, or both

What causes 88 percent of lameness conditions in cattle?

Lesions or problems in the foot

In horses, what is it called when the lower jaw is shorter than the upper jaw?

Mandibular brachygnathism (Parrot mouth)

In horses, what is it called when the upper jaw is shorter than the lower jaw?

Maxillary brachygnathism (Monkey mouth)

What does mesial mean?

Near the center of the dental arch

Entropion is the most common ocular disease of:

Neonatal lambs

Which direction do the legs face with a valgus deformity?

Outward

What is the most common disease requiring ovariectomy in mares?

Ovarian neoplasia

What is comprised of collagen fibers and is anchored to the cementum of the tooth and the alveolar bone?

Periodontal ligament

What causes gingivitis?

Plaque deposition

What is calculus?

Plaque that has calcified and permanently adhered to teeth

Abscess of which tooth will erupt under the eye?

Premolars/molars

What are rugae?

Ridges on the hard palate

What is a common cause of severe, acute-onset lameness in cattle?

Septic arthritis

What is the most common oral tumor in cats?

Squamous cell carcinoma (SSC)

What part of the tooth are curettes used on?

Subgingival area

What does labial mean?

Surface of the tooth facing the lips

What is a common jaw fracture?

Symphyseal separation

What injury is sustained secondary to racing or other strenuous activity and can cause mild edema and inflammation to tendon fiber separation to tendon fiber tearing or disruption?

Tendonitis (Bowed tendon)

What does diphyodont mean?

That there are 2 sets of teeth: --Deciduous (Baby teeth) --Permanent (Adult teeth)

What is the free gingiva?

The area that forms the gingival margin which is visible during examination, it surrounds the crown of the tooth

What part of the tooth is normally covered by enamel and meets the root at the cemento-enamel junction (CEJ)? The CEJ is anatomically the neck of the tooth and is not normally visible.

The crown

What part of the tooth are sickle scalers used on?

The crown/supragingival area

Which tooth is always 09?

The first molar

What includes the supporting structures of the tooth including the periodontal ligament, gingival connective tissue, alveolar bone, and cementum?

The periodontium

What is the living tissue within the tooth, well innervated and vascularized, comprised of connective tissue, nerves, lymph, blood vessels, and collagen?

The pulp

What does facial mean?

The surface of the rostral teeth visible from the front

What does palatal mean?

The surface of the tooth adjacent to the palate

What does lingual mean?

The surface of the tooth facing the tongue

What does it mean if a horse has "foundered?"

They have laminitis

What does apical mean?

Toward the apex of the root

What does caudal mean?

Toward the back of the head

What does buccal mean?

Toward the cheek

What does coronal mean?

Toward the crown

What does rostral mean?

Toward the nose

With periodontal surgery, what type of bone loss is easier to treat?

Vertical bone loss (Long axis)

What is anisognathism?

When the upper jaw is wider than the lower jaw

What is the name for a malocclusion where there is a maxillary-mandibular asymmetry?

Wry bite