ANTH 1102 Test 3

The glaciers began to disappear about ________ years ago.

10,000

By about _______ B.C., archaeologists had found most of the major characteristics of civilizations.

3500

The subjects of European cave painting are mostly _______.

Animals

Among archaic peoples of Mesoamerica, ________ were located near seasonally abundant resources.

Macrobands

Large game animals of the Upper Paleolithic period were known as _______ megafauna

Pleistocene

What is the advantage of a pit house?

They retain heat longer than houses built above the ground.

In the Near East, dogs seem to have been domesticated ________.

before the rise of agriculture

Most of the remains that have been excavated from Upper Paleolithic sites have been found in _______.

caves and rock shelters

What innovation from Upper Paleolithic culture had the most lasting importance for humans, both in the Old and New Worlds?

domestication of plants and animals

When would a toolmaker use pressure flaking?

in the final stages of retouching a tool

The increased use of satisfy food sources during the Epipaleolithic explains in part why people in the Near East began to _______.

lead more sedentary lives

Which important site was an adobe town set high in the mountains of southern Turkey?

Catal Huyuk

How do domesticated plants get to be different from their wild varieties?

Certain variations are artificially selected through the harvesting and planting process.

Most archaeologists believe that the ______ was one of the earliest centers of plant and animal domestication.

Fertile Crescent

Only _______ fossils have been found in North and South America.

Homo sapiens

Why we do still not know when human language emerged?

It is difficult topic to explore archaeologically.

The wild grass teostine led to today's domesticated ________.

Maize

_________ is often given as a reason for the decline of the Roman Empire.

Overextension

Which civilization is believed to have collapsed due to environmental degradation?

The Mayans

What do anthropologists mean when they say that city-states arose "independently" in various regions of the world?

The states emerged without colonization or conquest from other states.

The Upper Paleolithic cultures relied on hunting for food. Why?

There were vast supplies of meat available.

How did a shift to a more sedentary lifestyle and reliance on grains affect the Natufians' health?

They suffered nutritional deficiency, as shown by their teeth.

During the Upper Paleolithic the world experienced the last ice age. At time, the world's temperature was ________.

as much as 50F lower than today's temperature

The first form of writing found in Sumer and dating to around 3000 B.C. is known as

cuneiform

The earliest Neolithic societies were _________.

egalitarian

Toward the end of the Upper Paleolithic period, people got most of their food from _______.

hunting

From the time agriculture developed to about 6000 B.C., people in the Near East lived in _______.

small villages

Archaeologists can determine if an ancient society had different socioeconomic classes of people by looking at ________.

the differences in house size and furnishing

The Uruk period refers to pre-state developments in _______.

The Near East

________ theorized that long-distance trade led to the state.

Wright and Johnson