ANTH 140 Quiz 2

Drinking in Ghana

Public intoxication is not acceptable • Bring a bottle to a house • If you invite someone to a bar you are expected to pay for everything • If you don't drink pull it to your lips, then pour it out • Pour out the few last drops of every glass

Beers in Scotland

Not GERMAN!!! • Brewing beer in Scotland since 3000 BC • Ale • Brewed without hops • Historically used gruit • Herb mixture

Origins of rum

- Distilled beverage made from sugarcane byproducts - Molasses - Sugar cane juice • First recorded in Brazil • 1620s • Barbados likes to claim it was the first • 38 - 80% abv

Wine in Argentina

16th century • Foothills of the Andes Mountains • Mainly Chile and Argentina • Chile • 7 th largest producer of wine in the world • Argentina • 5 th largest producer of wine

Etymology of whiskey

Barley Malting Barley Malting the Germination Malting the Barley drying Grinding the Malt Grist and Water in the Mashing Tank Heat to 60-80° C Add yeast Rests for a few days 6-8% abv - wort - Wort enters the still - 97° C - 23% of the run are "low wines" - removed and reintroduced to the still at a later time - Heads and Tails - The Hearts go the to Spirit Still - 65-68% abv - Heads and Tails removed again - Hearts go to the barrel for aging - White whisky enters barrel at 63.5% abv - Aged minimum of 3 years and 1 day - The aging process - 2% loss per year - 15 year barrel - 30% loss!! - Angel's share

Akpeteshie

Distilling palm wine or sugar cane juice • Began with European colonization (15th century) • Roughly 50% abv

DUI in Scandinavia

Drinking in Scandinavia Drinking and Driving Denmark - 0.05 Sweden - 0.02 Norway - 0.02 In Norway every offender goes to jail for a minimum of 3 weeks if he/she is caught driving under the influence. There is a prison in the small village of Ilseng where drunk driving offenders spend time.

Malwa (millet beer)

Fermented beverage made from millet • Germinate millet • Dry it out • Pulverize it • Mix with water • Boil it • Add yeast • 1-3 days to ferment - then malwa! • 6 - 8% ABV

First inhabitants in Uganda

First inhabitants - Australopithecus afarensis • 3.9 - 2.9 million years ago Homo habilis • 2.8 million years ago Modern humans - Homo sapien sapien • 100,000 years ago

Earliest inhabitants in Scotland and Ireland

First inhabitants - Modern Human • 12,000 years ago (evidence) • No doubt, much earlier • Last Glacial Period (Ice Age) • 110,000 - 12,000 years ago • Destroyed archaeological evidence

Maya drinking

For the Maya - must drink in public!!

Waragi

Generic term for distilled beverage • Created to give soldiers confidence in battle • 1965 - "Dutch Courage" • WarGin • Made from either cassava, bananas, millet, or sugar cane

Modern drinking in Mexico

Machismo

Chicha

Maize was often used to make chicha, a kind of mild beer central to Andean political and social behavior.

Snaps

• A small shot of a strong alcoholic beverage

Akvavit

• Aquavit • Made from grain or potatoes • Flavored with herbs, spices, or fruit oils • Caraway • Cardamom • Cumin • Anise • Fennel • Lemon or orange peel • Aged in old sherry casks • Aquavit (akvavit) from Latin aqua vita "water of life" • Earliest reference is April 13, 1531 • A letter and package from a Danish Lord to a Roman Catholic archbishop: • "some water which is called Aqua Vite" and is a help for all sort of illness which a man can have both internally and externally" • Traditionally consumed at festive gatherings • Christmas, dinners, weddings • And as an aperitif • Sipped slowly from a shot glass • Often consumed immediately after a snapsvisa

Origins of tequila

• Dates to mid-1500s • A fermented beverage made of agave was made before Spanish arrival • pulque • Spanish soon ran out of brandy • They introduced distilling technology • Don Pedro Sánchez de Tagle • Spanish aristocrat • In 1600 began mass producing tequila near the present day town of Tequila • The Father of Tequila • Blue agave (agava tequilana) • Remove leaves (pincas) • A jimador uses a coa • Expose the heart (piñas) • Pinas are placed in ovens • Helps to breakdown fructan into simple fructoses • Shredded or mashed using a large stone (tohona) • Pulp fiber (bagazo) used for animal feed • Sometime added to the fermentation for a stronger agave flavor • Agave juice ferments in large wooden vats (2-3 days) • Fermented agave (wort or mosto) • 4-9% abv • Distilled once • ordinario • Distilled twice • Tequila (white/blanco/silver/plata • Aged in wooden barrels (US/Canada) • Mellows the flavor • Amber color • Rested (reposado) • Minimum 2 months in barrel • Aged (añejo) • Minimum 12 months in barrel • 38.5% abv (40% in US)

Languages of Scotland

• English • Scots (120,000 people) • Gaelic (80,000 people) Iron Age • 600 BC - AD 200 • Arrival of the Celts (later Gaels) • Speakers of the Proto-Celtic language

Prehistory/Nordic Bronze Age in Scandinavia

• First inhabitants - Modern Human • Maybe 100,000 years ago ? • 15,000 years ago • Following reindeer herds as the ice receded • Fosna-Hensbacka culture • 8300 BC - 7300 BC • Similar to the cultures of northern Canada and Alaska • Warmer and more humid • Nordic Bronze Age • 1700 BC - 500 BC • No written language • Ships and seafaring very important • High quality metallurgy • Ended with colder wetter climate

Shackleton's Whisky

• First inhabitants • As early as 1820 • No indigenous human population • Ernest Shackleton • 1874-1922 • British Polar Explorer • Several major expeditions to Antarctica • Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition • 1914-1917 Ship Endurance A case of Mackinlay's scotch whisky • Bottled in 1896 found left in Antarctica • Whyte & Mackay Distillery • Took samples • Recreated lost recipe • Created 50,000 bottles • $7 for each bottle sold goes to the Antarctic Heritage Trust • 2013 • Three bottles returned to the hut

Pulque

• Maguey - agave americana • Used during Prehispanic times as mentioned in early Spanish chronicles • About 4% abv

Pox

• Post-contact • Made only in Chiapas, Mexico • Fermented and distilled panela (unrefined whole cane sugar) • About 50-60% abv • Pox - Tzotzil word for medicine/cure

Making mescal

• Production process • Almost identical to that of tequila • Difference is the pit ovens • Underground roasting makes it much smokier • And can use any type of agave. • Sometime distilled in clay pots • Unaged - joven (young) • 38-55% abv

Countries of Scandinavia

• Scandinavia • 928,057 km2 (358,325 mi2) • 21 million people • Denmark • Copenhagen • Norway • Oslo • Sweden • Stockholm

Traditional way of drinking tequila

• Served in a caballito (little horse) • Neat without lime or salt • Sangrita (little blood) • sweet, sour, spicy drink • Orange juice, tomato juice, and hot chili