ANTH 2210 Test 3
What are the best known of the five major Indus cities?
Harappa and Mohenjodaro
What was Funan?
Funan was the first major Southeast Asia center, established by Chinese. Near Mekong River. Dominated trade from India to China. Provided food and protection for those trading. Had walled cities, palaces, archives system, and advanced.
When did the Indus civilization reach its peak?
about 2000 BC
what was the Angkor State (AD 802 to 1430)
artificial mounds in the center of their capitals, the hub of the Khmer universe
Who is Zhou?
conquered the Shang Dynasty and absorbed the provinces of it
What did Meluhha offer in trades?
ivory, oils, furniture, gold, silver, and carnelian
What was Oc Eo?
major port city
The Shang people are justly famous for-
their bronzework, best known to us from ceremonial artifacts found in royal toms
What did the Sumerians trade with?
wool, cloth, leather, oil, cereals, and cedarwood
A large citadel, surrounded by flood walls and fortifications, with public buildings but no religious structures; overlooking rich and poor neighborhoods, workshops, and marketplaces. This sentence describes the cities of _____. 1) Harappa and Mohenjodaro 2) Copan and Tikal 3) La Venta and Tres Zapotes 4) Teotihuacan and Tenochtitlan
1) Harappa and Mohenjodaro
Large basalt portrait heads are characteristic of which prehistoric society? 1) Olmec 2) Maya 3) Chavín 4) Inca
1) Olmec
What is the name of the Toltec capital? 1) Tula 2) Tikal 3) Tolteca 4) Tres Zapotes
1) Tula
The Olmec traded with people in neighboring areas, including present day Costa Rica. What items were heavily traded for during this time? 1) obsidian and jade 2) dogs and cats 3) corn and potatoes 4) seashells and jade
1) obsidian and jade
What did the Aztec call the time period we live in now? 1) the Fifth Sun 2) the Tollan 3) Calpulli 4) they had no word for our own period
1) the Fifth Sun
The first signs of political complexity in Mesoamerica occurred during the _____. 1) Classic 2) Preclassic 3) Postclassic 4) Archaic
2) Preclassic
The first dynasty of true urbanized Chinese civilization was _____. 1) Xia 2) Shang 3) Zhou 4) Han
2) Shang
Who was the first emperor to unite China into one, unified empire? 1) King Zhou 2) Shihuangdi 3) Anyang 4) Xi'ian
2) Shihuangdi
What happened at the site of Cerén? 1) it was the scene of a brutal massacre during a period of warfare 2) it was buried in a volcanic eruption 3) it was where the Classic period is believed to have begun 4) it is where many polychrome vases were made
2) it was buried in a volcanic eruption
At its height, over how many people did the Inca Empire rule? 1) 10,000 2) 1 million 3) 6 million 4) 25 million
3) 6 million
Like Teotihuacan before it, Tenochtitlan was divided into _____. 1) a religious and secular precinct 2) separate cities 3) four quarters 4) the bipartite universe
3) four quarters
The Inca developed the quipu, a code-like system of recording information that used _____. 1) a bar-and-dot counting system (bars represent the number five, dots represent the number one) 2) clay tokens 3) knotted string 4) weaving patterns
3) knotted string
What is the significance of the U-shaped ceremonial structures constructed along the Pacific coast? 1) they signified a rising elite class of rulers 2) the suggested a new form of subsistence 3) they reflected new concerns with the cosmos and with religion 4) they signified a new type of construction technique
3) they reflected new concerns with the cosmos and with religion
When did the early stages of the Harappan civilization date to?
3200 and 2600 B.C.
What culture is noted for art that may have originated in the tropical forest? 1) Olmec 2) Cherokee 3) Moche 4) Chavín
4) Chavín
Pacal was the ruler of what Maya city? 1) Copan 2) Tikal 3) Uaxactun 4) Palenque
4) Palenque
In A.D. 1113, ______ began construction of the great palace-temple of Angkor Wat. 1) Jayavarman II 2) Jayavarman VII 3) Suryavarman I 4) Suryavarman II
4) Suryavarman II
Why did the Angkor Kingdom finally come to an end? 1) the trade routes shifted northwards 2) the last of the Khmer kings died without an heir 3) they were overrun by Chinese enemies 4) overspending on monumental architecture, droughts, and invasions from Thailand
4) overspending on monumental architecture, droughts, and invasions from Thailand
What did the city of Tenochtitlan symbolize to the Aztec? 1) the heartland 2) the economic realm 3) the home of the gods 4) the center of the universe
4) the center of the universe
What was the reason that Moche warriors would go to war? 1) for economic gain 2) to enter paradise after death 3) to gain honor and prestige 4) to take captives for sacrifice
4) to take captives for sacrifice
Hernan Cortes arrived in Mexico in the year _____. 1) 1519 2) 1521 3) Reed I 4) all of the above 5) a and c
5) a and c
Every early Chinese rule stayed in power by virtue of what?
A strong army
Shang kings moved their capital to where?
Ao, which is under modern Zhengzhou; 95 miles south of Anyang, by the Huang Ho River
What were most of Shang's bronzeworks for?
Food and drink vessels, weapons, musical instruments, and chariot and horse fittings
What was their philosophy?
Theirs was a philosophy that humans were part of an ordered cosmos that could be maintained by unremitting toil and a subordination of individual ambition to the common good.
How did the Han dynasty trade with the western world?
Through the Great Silk Road
What was unique about the Indus civilization leaders?
We don't know their names or appearances- no pomp and circumstance for their achievements
What foreign states did Mesopotamian city-states trade with?
Dilmum (persian gulf- major trade port); Magan (port farther east); Meluhha (even farther away- Indua valley region)
What did the people in the highlands depend on?
Dry agriculture and sheep herding
What did the highlands provide?
Metal, semiprecious stones, and timber
Why couldn't the Indus civilization flourish in isolation?
No metals
Where did the Harappan civilization (2700-1700 BC) develop?
Northwest India, along the Indus River.
Mauryan Empire (India)
The great ruler Chandragupta Maurya of Magadha benefited from the power vacuum following Alexander the Great's conquests and carved out the Mauryan Empire, which extended from Nepal and the northwest deep into the Deccan.
Indus god that depicts a three-headed figure with a horned headdress and is surrounded by a tiger, elephant, rhino, water buffalo, and deer
Believed to be the precursor to the god Shiva- Lord of the Beasts (fertility god as well)
What was the prominent religion during the early first millennium?
Brahmanism
Toward the end of the first millennium BC, how did the aristocratic class rule?
By virtue of their close relationships with their ancestors
Xiao-tun, China
Capital of the Shang civilization, 1400 to 1122 B.C., located in the Anyang region of northern China.
Shang Civilization (China)
China's first dynasty almost 2000 BCE; a loosely unified confederacy of competing small kingdoms that quarreled and warred incessantly
What is "mandala"
Indian political doctrine to describe the relationship to the rulers and territories, who are thought of as circles.
What were the cultural focuses of the Indus civilization?
Indus and Saraswati Valleys
These communities believed their chieftains, traders, priests, and kin leaders acted as what?
Intermediaries between the living and dead
The ranked-society growth in the lowlands may have coincided with what?
Sumerian trade patterns