[ANTH 310] Module 8 Quiz

Same-sex marriage is practiced in many Native American communities because ___________ people are considered a third gender and accepted throughout their society.

two-spirit

In the United States we follow _________ descent which is traced through both the mother's and father's side.

Bilateral

Kinship is an emic concept because it is determined by _________.

Cultural Rules

According to the article "When Brothers Share a Wife" by Melvyn Goldstein, what is Fraternal Polyandry and what are the economic benefits of this practice? What are the personal, social, and cultural benefits according to the Tibetans who practice it?

In the case of Tibetan brothers Dorje, Pem and Sonam; anthropologist Melvyn Goldstein breaks down the concept of fraternal polyandry that has been practiced in the Tibetian culture since it's inception. In terms of personal security, fraternal polyandry has it's the advantage of dissolving the concept of "ownership", as all brothers in a joint wedding of a potential wife are treated the same by the wife. In addition, when children are conceived, the idea of being the "real father" is dissolved as all children come to look at all the brothers as their father, and dissolving the sense of hostility or favoritism from both children and parents. In addition to the interpersonal and intrapersonal security of having a family that would not tear due to a sense of familiar dispute, the social aspect of the joint family has an economic value that Goldstein describes as "materialistic" (Goldstein 173), which is the secured ownership of family assets. In the case of the three brothers, their joint wedding had its advantages in securing the family farm that they have ownership of. And finally, Goldstein offers a cultural advantage to the practice, as he offers that fraternal polyandry is countering the common Tibetian practice of female infanticide, which drastically shifts the ratio of male and female Tibetans towards the males. In addition, the starvation of the land's resources by having multiple families would be impossible in the Tibetian landscape. Having a generational set of brothers inherit the land that is constantly shared with one wife and larger family guarantees these families a higher living standard versus having to fight for the smaller allocation of land between multiple households.

Arranged marriages are common in cultures around the world because ___________.

all of these families like to match their children with an appropriate social group. families want to create financial alliances between them. families with a lot in common want to link together through marriage.

The practice of dowry in India leads to ______________.

all of these bride burning as a way to get more money through new dowry. the bride's family having to pay in installments because the dowry is so big. low status of women who are seen as commodities.

Bridewealth is an important part of many marriages because ____________.

it is a gift from the groom's family to honor the value of the new wife.

Consanguineal relations refer to _______________.

kinship relations based on descent

Walking Marriage is practiced by several groups in rural China where _____________.

males live with their mothers/sisters and occasionally visit their female partners.

The Nayar live in a ___________ society where married couples live apart because males are not considered part of the their's wives family.

matrilineal

Kinship determines ___________.

rights and obligations of people within and between families.