Anthro Concept Check #4

When citizens of a nation-state are joined together by rituals and practices that give them a sense of belonging and collectivity, even with people they've never met, this can be considered an imagined community. T or F

True

Which of the following BEST describes the universalist/economic approach to understanding economic processes? A. assumes that economic processes work the same way all over the world B. focuses on the differences between economic assumptions in various cultures C. creates universal rules based on those cultures that are egalitarian D. relies upon fieldwork rather than statistics to understand economic processes

A. assumes that economic processes work the same way all over the world

What economic model prioritizes privatization of public services? A. neoliberalism B. Marxism C. neocolonialism D. structural violence

A. neoliberalism

Which term refers to a hierarchical organization of different groups of people based on traits such as race, socioeconomic status, religion, or gender? A. social stratification B. structural inequalities C. symbolic violence D. neoliberalism

A. social stratification

Which of the following is NOT associated with globalization? A. the rise of the Industrial Age and the growth of local factories B. markets expanding beyond the location where products are manufactured C. the economies of the United States and Western European since the late 1970s D. the moving of factories to countries such as China and Brazil for cheaper labor

A. the rise of the Industrial Age and the growth of local factories

As cities and states emerged, there was an increase in demand for higher yields to support growing populations. What did this force farmers to do? A. work as peasants on small plots of land owned by the state B. take on more important roles in government C. figure out new ways to store surplus D. own more land in order to grow more crops

A. work as peasants on small plots of land owned by the state

Which of the following BEST defines the meritocracy of the American Dream? A. an ideal society in which individuals are blind to race and ethnicity B. the idea that racism is endemic and enshrined in law and social institutions C. the idea that people succeed based entirely on their own effort and abilities D. the claim that inequity can only be understood through the lens of race

C. the idea that people succeed based entirely on their own effort and abilities

Which statement does NOT describe European colonialism in Africa? A. Africans became forced labor on colonial projects like mining and building roads. B. Europeans asserted authoritarian and militaristic power over African populations. C. Europeans imposed power over existing African political systems. D. Africans were encouraged to start import-export trade and their own factories.

D. Africans were encouraged to start import-export trade and their own factories.

Which of the following is not one of the four different levels of social inequality? A. systemic inequalities B. structural inequalities C. institutional inequalities D. functional inequalities E. interpersonal inequalities

D. functional inequalities

"Social movements" describes organized action by a group within the government to create social change. T or F

False

Inequity refers to unequal distribution of resources, while inequality refers to the unequal distribution of resources due to some having more power than others. T or F

False

Industrialism

Four key characteristics for this mode of subsistence include urbanization, regimented and controlled work conditions and wages earned, the rise of social classes, and an increase in commodity consumption

General purpose money is money exchanged for goods and services having a specific value, while special purpose money is only used for special events and purposes. T or F

True

When an ideology and perceived social reality becomes the dominant view over other groups, it becomes hegemony. Hegemony is a set of ideas used to support the existing social order. T or F

True

State

an institution that exercises centralized rule over a territory.

Plant Cultivation

can include slash-and-burn techniques, but also irrigation systems, a plough, and more intensive technologies

Bands

gatherer-hunters, living in small groups, acephalous

Gathering-Hunting

humans have practiced this mode of subsistence for most of their evolutionary history

Chiefdom

military, economic, religious, and political power concentrated in a single position, major building projects, use of coercive power to force people to carry out commands, and inherited form of leadership.

Tribes

societies rely on extended family structures and councils for leadership; lineages, segmented lineages, big men, and age sets; acephalous

Pastoralism

this mode of subsistence is associated with the care and use of domesticated herd animals