Anthro Quiz 4

The mutation known as trisomy 21, in which an extra copy of chromosome 21 is present, is more commonly known as:

Down syndrome.

According to Fuentes in his book on "Busting Myths about Human Nature," the forces of evolution include:

Natural selection, gene flow, genetic drift, mutation, acquired characteristics inheritance. Survival of the fittest, wizardry, witchcraft, gene blending. Natural selection, gene flow, genetic drift, mutation, niche construction.

According to Fuentes in his book on "Busting Myths about Human Nature," Fuentes claims that evolution is a fact AND a theory. What did he mean?

The idea "all life on earth changes over time" is a fact, since it is easily observable in the fossil record and in a lab. But the explanation of HOW all life changes over time is based on a theory.

According to Larson, the only source of new genetic material (new alleles) is mutation.

True

Evolution can best be defined as:

a change in allele frequencies in a breeding population over time.

The type of selection that favored larger brain size in human evolution is:

directional selection.

Frameshift mutations are more likely to have an impact at the phenotypic level because:

frameshift mutations produce a protein having no function.

Which of the evolutionary forces is most likely to decrease variation between populations (i.e., which of the forces is most likely to make two different populations more similar at the genetic level)?

gene flow

A random change in allele frequencies over time is known as:

genetic drift.

An individual who displays the disease sickle-cell anemia must have inherited the deleterious allele from both parents. This individual is therefore:

homozygous recessive.

What can natural selection do to allele frequencies in a population?

it can increase them depending on the environment and the alleles present. it can decrease them depending on the environment and the alleles present. it can change them depending on the environment and the alleles present.

The physical location of a gene within the genome is called the:

locus.

When individuals of the same species are reproductively isolated, genetic differences may accumulate in sufficient number so that new species could emerge. Such an event would be an example of:

macroevolution.

A point mutation that does not result in a change to the amino acid coded for is said to be a:

synonymous mutation.

According to Fuentes in his book on "Busting Myths about Human Nature," Fuentes argued that one day the forces of evolution may produce a human with wings and special powers.

False

Malaria is caused by:

bites from infected mosquitoes.

If natural selection decreases genetic variation in a population over time, what processes/forces increase genetic variation within a population?

meiosis leading to sexual reproduction. mutation. gene flow.

Which type of mutation produced the sickle cell gene?

non-synonymous point mutation

Mutations to which cells are most likely to have significant evolutionary consequences?

sex cells (gametes)