Anthropology 2010 ex 2
Economists and economic anthropologists are not that different in the way they study how people get the things they need to survive.
False
The principles of agroecology are at the heart of industrial agriculture
False
Which of the following is a theoretical approach to how economics create value used in society?
Marxism
A rapid appraisal is when anthropologists drop into a community into a community for just a few weeks to collect data. Bruce Knauft did this during his ____ trip to Gebusi.
Third
World systems theory would be most suited to which of the following research projects?
a historical study of indigenous resistance to colonialism
A structural functionalist would be most likely to analyze violence as
a means of creating and maintaining social order
An anthropologist who practices participatory-action research would most likely use this method in
a study of a low-income neighborhood where a toxic waste dump is located
Which project would be best suited to parachute ethnography?
a study of community response to a disaster
Food security refers to
access to sufficient nutritious food to be healthy and active
The most important goal of the Congolese sapeur is to
accumulate prestige
The !Kung people of southern Africa are an example what kind of society?
acephalous
Research committed to making social change and improving the lives of marginalized people is
action anthropology
Development anthropologists often think of themselves as
advocates of poor and marginalized people
Which of the following is a key argument of ethnobiologist Brent Berlin, who compared human classification systems?
all human classification systems are reflective of an underlying cognitive structure of the human brain that organizes information in systematic ways
"foodways" describes a perspective that approaches food as
all of the above
A cultural constructionist who studies class would be interested in
all of the above
A multisited ethnographer studying Mexican migrants in the United States would be most likely to conduct fieldwork
all of the above
A multisited ethnographer studying Mexican migrants in the United States would most likely to conduct fieldwork
all of the above
Anthropologist study food holistically, which means that they focus on
all of the above
Consumer capitalism contributes to increasing ecological footprints in industrialized nations because
all of the above
Eating practices mark
all of the above
Economic anthropologists study
all of the above
Foodways are dynamic because
all of the above
For anthropologists, what is important about the existence of differences between populations in the ability to digest milk?
all of the above
How do religious rituals function politically?
all of the above
In which of the following locations would you find an anthropologist doing fieldwork?
all of the above
Intensification, a process that increases yields, includes
all of the above
What do environmental anthropologist study?
all of the above
What is the type of information written in field notes
all of the above
When anthropologists go into the field
all of the above
Which of the following are areas of social activity that globalization affects?
all of the above
A believer in cultural imperialism would explain that people who watch American TV in remote places like a Walpiri camp in the Austrailian outback are
being subjected to alien culture influences
Cultural anthropologists do research by
building trusting relationships with people over a long period of time
A key difference between caste and social class is
caste divides people in terms of moral purity, class in socioeconomic terms
Which of the following best describe the methodology of multisited ethnography
comparative
Multisited ethnography is an example of which method?
comparative method
Which perspective incorporates symbols and morals into the understanding of a society's economy?
cultural economics
Anthropologist Sidney Mintz observes that most people around the world usually
eat a common patterned diet of core-legume-fringe foods
An ecological footprint is a measurement of the population an area can support
false
Anthropologists believe that the "native point of view" is better than their own
false
Anthropologists do no consider unstructured, casual conversations data
false
Contemporary ecological science supports the idea that human cultural behaviors are solely shaped by the environment
false
It has been proven that overpopulation will inevitably lead to global famine
false
Which of the following is the term defining the method of the discipline of cultural anthropology?
fieldwork
Which mode of subsistence includes the search for edible things?
foraging
When a parent pays for a child's piano lessons, he or she is engaged in
generalized reciprocity
One of the main reasons localization interests anthropologists is that
global integration creates opportunity for local cultures to express themselves
An important element required for successful "rapid appraisal" data collection is
good general knowledge of the area/topic being studied
A cultural relativist would most likely to emphasize that pastoralist
have developed effective social institutions and knowledge that ensure long-term sustainability of the landscape
What was so difficult about Japanese American anthropologist Tamie Tsuchiyama's fieldwork in a World War II internment camp?
he had to navigate complicated dynamics of prejudice and resentment
Anthropologist Ashraf Ghani's successes as a finance minister and presidential candidate in Afghanistan can be attributed to what?
his attentiveness to local social norms and priorities
Eric Wolf encouraged anthropologists to consider what in their field studies?
history
For anthropologists, political power refers to
how power is used to attain goals for the good of the community
A formalist anthropologist doing fieldwork in a supermarket would be most interested in
how shoppers decide which cat food to buy when they have fifteen varieties to choose from
According to Itzaj beliefs
humans and nature exist in the same realm
Which of the following is not true of economic anthropology?
it assumes that free market capitalism will take over the world
Which of the following is NOT true about hybridization theories
it explains why conflict is growing in the world
Anthropologists are interested in the nutrition transition because
it explains widespread changes in bodily form, eating patterns, and everyday life in urban settings
The research that anthropologist Karen Tranberg Hansen has done on secondhand clothing in Zambia is interesting because
it highlights how people impose local meanings on objects
A world systems theory is important for all of the following reasons except
it lends itself readily to ethnographic methodology
Why do environmental anthropologists study formal nature protection?
it often generates social conflicts
Why is meat eating important for human evolution
it provides high-quality protein for human brain development
Why is Karl Polanyi's distinction between formal and substantive economics important?
it recognizes that economies involve both how people think and the actual transactions they engage in
Anthropologists are interested in a situation like the way the new heart drug BiDil was created and approved because
it shows how cultural, political, and economic processes can work together to promote the idea that race is biologically based
Which method is important for understanding past social insitutions and how they change?
life histories
The exchange of brass rods for the purchase of cattle or the payment of bride price is an example of the use of
limited-purpose money
The recent rise of autonomy movements among Hawaiian separatists and Zapatistas in Mexico are examples of
localization
If you studied sex workers in your city as Phillippe Bourgois studied crack dealers in New York City, you might find that
maintaining confidentiality is an ongoing challenge
Rapid increases in the scale and amount of communication
mean that people in remote places can be in contact with people all over the world
What pivotal evolutionary shift happened around 1.8 to 2 million years ago that is closely related to human foodways?
meat consumption increased
Gift exchange for Marcel Mauss is based in
obligation
What relationship between nature and human does Western thought emphasize?
oppositional
Which of the following analyses of Christmas shopping would be least likely to come from a follower of cultural economics?
people always make decision about what to buy on the basis of getting the lowest pric
An important ethical concern for anthropologists is to
protect their informants
The collection of goods in a community and the subsequent redivision of those goods among members of a society is called
redistribution
In Malaysia capitalist entrepreneurship is
respectful of Islamic and Malay obligations and values
Which of the following reasons explains why a collaborative approach to conversation can be so challenging
scientist and conversationists are often skeptical of indigenous knowledge claims
Which of the following explanations of political relationships among the !Kung would be least likely to come from a traditional political anthropologist?
the !Kung have to navigate complex politics as ethnic minorities in states that don't want them
A nutritional anthropologist who studies the nutrition transition would probably focus on all of the following except
the labor conditions of migrant workers
An anthropologist who studies the cultural landscape of Zapotec farmers of southern Mexico would be primarily interested in
the meaning and images they have of nature that shape their farming practice
Promoters of globalization highlight which of the following
the more open a country is to foreign trade, the better the economy will be by standard measures
One of the primary reasons indigenous leaders criticize the dominant models for administering protected environmental area is
they assume nature must be uninhabited by people
A central feature of cultural convergence theories is that
they explain the apparent decline of cultural diversity
A central feature of cultural convergence theories is that
they explain the rise of cultural conflict in the world
Europeans colonial regimes commonly instituted controls on native peoples use of natural resoures
to eliminate native competition against the european businesses exploiting raw materials in the colonies
The Maasai people of Kenya and Tanzania practice
transhumant pastoralism
All knowledge systems about nature, including science, are culturally based
true
Although Russians do use money to buy things, they also rely on bartering when money is scarce.
true
Famines are often caused by not environmental factors but social factors like inequality
true
The central point of the concept of spheres of exchange is to make a distinction between general- and limited-purpose money.
true
The ecological costs of producing beef in the United States are externalized on the landscape and water resources
true
a word that best describes participant observation is
unstructured
The comparative method
uses data from many different societies
The main reason men of the Malaysian Langkawi fishing community hand over their money to women is that
women are better at saving money than men
Does race have biological consequences?
yes, because of racism
The importance of structural functionalism is that it
showed that non-Western societies have order without formal government
A key feature of financial globalization is
the reduction or elimination of tariffs to promote trade
Political ecological perspectives are applicable to all of the following except
the relationship between high birth rates and overfishing
Racialization has identified different markers of racial identity in Latin America than in the United States.
True
A central technique involved in an informal, open-ended interview is to
allow questions to emerge in the course of the interview
Kenyas green belt movement is a good example of
enviromental justice
A social movement that addresses the linkages between racial discrimination and injustice, social equity, and environmental equality is
environmental justice
How did Americans aim to showcase their "civilization" after the civil war?
establishing formally protected areas
The exercise of political power requires
legitimacy
Analyses that focus on the linkages between political-economic power, social inequality, and ecological destruction are typical of which approach
political ecology
Which theory was used to explain how stateless societies maintained social order and equilibrium?
structural-functionalism
If you wanted to have consistent responses, what kind of interview would you use?
survey
James Ferguson, who is an anthropologist with experience in development, argues that development exists
to expand state power
The main difference between economists and economic anthropologists is that economists
try to understand and predict economic patterns
Big men can transfer their power and status through inheritance when they die.
False
The use of money is a human universal.
False
Globalization and localization are complementary dynamics.
True
Negative or unfair treatment of a person because of his or her group membership or identity is
discrimination
The human diet is
omnivorous
People in the periphery responded passively to capitalist expansion.
False
A key marker of development anthropology's success is when local perspectives and voices are paid attention to in development projects
True
Anthropologists of the 1880s are referred to as "armchair anthropologists" because they never traveled abroad and they gather data from other peoples reports
True
People participate in globalization by
all of the above
Sustainable development for indigenous people involves which of the following elements?
all of the above
The enclosure movement is important to understanding Western conservation approaches because
all of the above
The major goal of "development" is
all of the above
Traditional ecological knowledge is not well known in the West because
all of the above
Which of the following groups were considered nonwhite racial groups?
all of the above
Which of the following methods allowed fairhead and leach to make their conclusions about landscape change in Guinea
all of the above
fieldwork involves
all of the above
Why was symbolic anthropologist Mary Douglas so interested in Jewish dietary laws?
because they were a way to communicate symbolic piety
Which of the following best describes the methodology of multisited ethnography?
comparative
One of anthropology's insights about foraging mode of subsistence is that
foraging people have a cultural view of their environment as giving
Why do foragers turn to agriculture?
increased population density causes too much competition for resources
The people anthropologists gather data from are called
informants
Long term damage to soil quality is typical of
intensification
Why is Fairhead and Leachs study about landscape change in Guinea important
it shows why forests can increase because of human population growth and cultivaltion
Which of the following would be UNLIKELY as a explanation given by a cultural anthropologist for the existence of food insecurity among the poor?
its related to the ignorance of the poor to effectively feed themselves
Which of the following is NOT true of how food preferences relate to gender?
men always love meat, not matter which culture they are from
"Mother nature" and "natural resources" are a good example of
metaphors of human-nature interaction
____ are people who leave their homes to work for a time in other regions or countries
migrants
Which government agency's activities might you focus on if you wanted to understand structural power?
the census office
A foodways perspective on human evolution would emphasize
the changes in human dietary physiology are intertwined with how people grow, share, and eat food
The concept of "fortress conservation" would be applicable to all of the following situations except
the construction of ecotourist facilities to protect visitors from wandering lions in the Tanzanian savannas
An anthropologist who uses instrumentalist theories of ethnicity would explain the rise of "Latino" food distributor Goya as
the creation of a special market segment by a food company to enhance its profitability
According to Marshall Sahlins, when production is organized by families it is
the domestic mode of production
A Marxist approach to the cultural processes Karen Ho studied of Wall Street would be most focused on
the tendency to lay off employees on a regular basis as the bank suffers through financial crises caused by its own activities.
Using life history interviews, researchers are able to
understand how a person's age affects his or her role in the community
An anthropologist who promotes principles of agroecology would likely view horticulture as
useful to learn new principles about sustainable farming
In order to study culture one must travel to distant, far off places
False
People in the periphery responded passively to capitalist expansion
False
The authors think that cultural diversity persists in the world because cultures have been isolated from each other for so long but that diversity is bound to disappear as cultures intermingle more
False
There are more undernourished people than obese and overweight people in the world
False
There has been a reduction of maize varieties in Mexico. What is the primary reason for it?
Mexican agricultural policies favored cheap imports from the US
Which economic theory studies how people make decisions to allocate resources like time, labor, and money in order to maximize their personal satisfaction?
Neoclassical economics
Anthropology is different from journalism because journalists' data are protected by law
True
Gift exchanges are important because people everywhere invest symbolic meaning in the things they give, receive, and consume.
True
In many parts of the world food is a very important way of communicating social identity
True
It is unusual for human adults to be able to digest milk
True
Localization is the flip side of globalization
True
The processes of capital accumulation and the expansion of European colonialism disrupted many socities
True
World systems theory helped anthropologise
all of the above
What is "fortress conservation"
an approach to conservation that assumes that people are threatening to nature
When you are consuming an object, the process of taking procession of it is called
appropriation
The perception that the North American continent was an unpeopled wilderness during the early period of European settlement when British settlers arrived is an example of an
artifactual landscape
The theory that explains why cultural differences have not disappeared because cultural consciousness is increasingly bringing people together around cultural similarities is called
clash of civilizations theory
A substantivist would be most likely to explain the Kula cycle as
closely tied to important social institutions, such as kin networks, trading ties, and political structure
Financial globalization has allowed for
corporations to move factories from one country to another
The concept that people have learned images, knowledge, and concepts of the physical landscape that affect how they will actually interact with it is called
cultural landscape
This type of interaction may include playing basketball, cooking, dining, or having coffee with informants
participant observation
From an anthropological perspective, the main reason Wall Street banks are not the bastions of individualism and cold rationalism many think they are is that
personal relationships and local knowledge are critical to successful transactions
An anthropologist who studies unearned privilege would be most interested in which of the following?
situation in which an upper-class man gets accepted at an Ivy League university because his father and grandfather went there
A key difference between anthropologists of development and development anthropologists is
the first are analysts of development; the second seek ways to influence it from within
Which part of the Zapotec agricultural system does not correspond well to Western ecological understandings?
the idea that maize has a soul
A key component of nutritional anthropology as defined by Audrey Richards was attention to
the interrelationship between biology, health, ecology, political-economic, and cultural concerns
If a development anthropologist were to get involved in a project in your city that is revitalizing a poor neighborhood, she or he would probably emphasize
the overarching importance of listening to the priorities of the neighbors
