Anthropology Final
people participate in globalization by
Consuming coca cola, watching tv, migrating to distant cities for work
bilateral descent
Descent group formed by people who believe they are related to one another by connections made through their mothers and fathers equally
salvage paradigm
Documentation of dying/endangered cultures
clash of civilizations (conflict model)
Euro-American capitalism -> disenchantment, alienation, and resentment ; "West vs. the rest"
mcdonaldization (cultural/corporate imperialism)
US corporate culture ->homogenization of global cultures (promotion of one culture over another)
the ghost dance among the Sioux in the 1890s was
a new religious movement responding to white encroachment on their lands, drawing on a mix of older and newer religious concepts, an attempt to recover self-respect
hijras interest anthropologists mainly because they are
a reflection of a gender/sex system that sees meaning in combining male and female
the most important goal of the Congolese sapeur is to
accumulate prestige
a good example of the process of medicalization is found in the changing understanding of which of the following conditions as a disease
alcoholism
how do people deal with inequality
art of resistance, hidden vs public transcripts, everyday resistance
anthropologist George Gmelch studied which sport where he found that players used a lot of magic
baseball
hybridization (syncretism, creolization)
blending of cultural constructs
world systems theory
capitalism has expanded on the basis of unequal exchange throughout the world, creating a global market and global division of labor and dividing the world between a dominant core and a dependent periphery
the theory that explains why cultural differences have not disappeared because cultural consciousness is increasingly bringing people together around cultural similarities is
class of civilizations theory
core/periphery
core nations develop at the expense of periphery nations ; periphery is to provide labor and raw materials for the cores consumption, resulting in the peripherys poverty, underdevelopment, and dependency on the core
inequality
differential access to wealth, power, prestige, goods, and services
colonialism/cultural imperialism
documentation of pristine societies
hegemony
dominance of particular cultural groups through the empowerment of certain cultural beliefs, values, and practices over others
when social norms dictate that someone from a particular clan must marry outside of that clan anthropologists say that the clan is
exogamous
globalization is exciting to anthropologists right now because they have never studied interconnectivity before
false
people in the periphery responded passively to capitalist expansion
false
which of the following are areas of social activity that globalization affects
finances, migration, communication
Subtle forms of inequality
food deserts, health care access, gentrification
one of the main reasons localization interests anthropologists is that
global integration creates opportunity for local cultures to express themselves
it is suggested in the text that the appearance of some mental illnesses are showing up in other countries where they did not previously exist, and this may be the result of
globalization
health and illness
have much variation throughout different cultures and societies
what is the subjectivity of illness
how people understand and experience their condition on a personal level
nurturance
ideas of shared substance/contact-based relationship
individuals who diverge from the male-female norm and exhibit sexual organs and functions somewhere between including both male and female are called
intersex
which of the following is not true about hybridization theories
it explains why conflict is growing in the world
a voodoo doll is a good illustration of
magic that follows the law of similarity
four models of cultural interaction
mcdonaldization, hybridization, localization, clash of civilizations
what subfield of anthropology tries to understand how social, cultural, biological, and linguistic factors shape the health of human being in different cultures
medical anthropology
nearly all societies draw on more than one medical tradition simultaneously, a process which is called
medical pluralism
which of the following refers to the family into which one is born and raised
natal family
chosen kin/relations
not related by marriage or birth (adoption; "Uncle Joey)
what is the family formed by a married couple and their children called
nuclear family
affinal kin
people related through marriage
marriage takes different forms in different places. all the terms listed below are forms of marriage except
polyamory
less subtle forms of inequality
protest, violence, wars, rebellion
consanguineal kin
related by birth (blood relatives)
what is a life cycle ritual that marks a persons or group of persons transition from one social state to another
rite of passage
stylized performances involving symbols that are associated with social, political, and religious activities are called
rituals
ambilineal descent
self defined or voluntary affiliation; relatives distinguished by generation and gender
resistance, alter-globalization
shows how people interpret and challenge global processes through local cultural idioms and beliefs
a key feature of religious beliefs and behavior is that they are rooted in
social behavior and social action
while the American Psychiatric Association removed homosexuality as a mental illness in 1973, the same classification of homosexuality as abnormal label continues to allow the US government to reject immigrants. This ability to classify individuals according to a state of normal or abnormal is an example of the use
social power
Kinship
socially recognized network of relationships through which individuals are related to one another by ties of descent (real or imagined) and marriage
which of the following is an example of American totemism
sports team mascots
how does inequality happen
status, power vs authority vs influence, hegemony
illness is an experience that is
subjective, shaped by culture, exacerbated by class differences
a synonym for hybridization is
syncretism, friction, creolization
the work of Paul Farmer in Haiti to combat AIDS revealed much more than the underlying problems inherent in the clinical pathology and transmission of the disease including
the connection between health and socioeconomic and political conditions there
localization
the creation and assertion of highly particular, often place-based, identities and communities
an explanation given for medicalizing the nonmedical is
the growth in profits for insurance and pharmaceutical companies, to increase the prestige of physicians, the desire of people to see social problems in scientific terms
Geertz's approach to religion is a style of analysis that looks at the underlying symbolic and cultural interconnections within a society; this is often referred to as
the interpretive approach
Hawaiians and other Polynesian Islanders traditionally believed that mana, sacred or supernatural power, existed within certain objects, at sacred spaces, and in persons, including all of the following except
the sun
columbian exchange
the widespread exchange of animals, plants, culture, people, disease, technology and ideas between the Old World (Africa and Europe) and the New World (North and South America), beginning in the late 15th Century CE
localization is the flip side of globalization
true
weddings and marriages are usually less about the couple than about relationships with the couples social network including friends and family
true
women who practice polyandry tend to marry
two or more brothers
anthropologists now understand that magic
usually involves working at a distance without direct physical contact, is at the basis of many rituals, is often frightening or dangerous
sapeurs
young Bakongo men from the Democratic Republic of Congo, use clothes to accumulate prestige and project self-worth to the upper classes of Congolese society