Anthropology final

Which of the following statements is true: Bilineal descent makes sense in foraging societies because it provides flexibility and reflects fluid social arrangements. Unilineal descent makes sense in modes where there is a fixed resource base—horticulture, pastoralism, and agriculture—because it provides stability. Most matrilineal societies are horticulturalists, the mode in which women often have significant responsibility All are correct

All are correct

Unbalanced exchange includes: Gambling Human trafficking Market exchange All of the above

All of the above

A sociolinguist: A.) would argue that cultural norms impact language and its uses B.) would agree entirely with the Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis C.) would argue that one's language, in part, reflects one's social class and status within society Both A and B are correct Both A and C are correct

Both A and C are correct

Which of the following is a common characteristic of the "Eskimo" kinship terminology system?

Different terms distinguish between parents and the parents' siblings.

T OR F: World population grew faster with the introduction of agriculture (about 10,000 years ago) than at any other time in human history.

False

In which country would you expect to find an explicitly "pro-natalist" agenda?

France --because of its state-level policies

examples of a 'non-verbal' language:

Gestures Silence Sign Language

Code switching:

Indicates to the listener that the person speaking has numerous micro cultural affiliations

The people depicted in the video we watched (N!ai: Story of a !Kung Woman) and in Gordon's article on "...Anthropological Tourism in Bushmanland": are all better off because of tourism, own their own tourist companies, none of the other answers are true, can use long rifles, but not machine guns to hunt big game

None of the other answers are true

In our reading "How Dogs Dream...," the article concludes that:

The Runa include the dogs into both religious and shamanistic aspects of life

The difference between cross-cousins and parallel cousins is defined by what factor?

The gender of the ego's parents' sibling that is the parent of the cousin.

Which of the following statements, regarding how households and kinship are changing in contemporary times, is false: Higher education aspirations are increasing the average age at which women are having children. The increase in industrial/digital societies is resulting in fewer nuclear households. Increased migration is resulting in an increase in wedding style syncretism. A rise in nuclear households is resulting in a decrease in kinship-based entitlements.

The increase in industrial/digital societies is resulting in fewer nuclear households.

Brideprice refers to __________.

a gift to the bride's family from the groom's side

In medical anthropology, "illness" refers to:

a person's perceptions and experiences of certain socially devalued states

Large extended households are most prevalent in the __________ mode of livelihood.

agriculture

Flinn's article 'Reflections of a Shy Ethnographer' illustrates that: linguistic diversity is present even among cultures with relatively few members, kinship patterns across cultures can be different, shyness can be an asset during fieldwork, all are true

all are true

Participatory Observation includes involving yourself in cultural activities such as: harvesting procedures, childcare, traditional healing ceremonies, all are true

all are true

Social ranking on the basis of caste is:

an ascribed system

All of the following are specific cultural anthropology methods, except: participatory Field Methods participatory Methodologies analysis of Human DNA focus Groups

analysis of Human DNA

Anthropology is usually divided into four fields, but some people claim that a fifth field, known as ______ anthropology, should be included.

applied

The argument that cultures are integrated leads to the claim that a culture should:

be studied as a whole

According to your text: SEX is a ______ category while GENDER is a ____________ category.

biological/cultural

One reason why foragers typically have low rates of population growth is because __________.

breastfeeding occurs over frequent and long periods of time, thereby suppressing ovulation

Romantic love:

can exist even in polyandrous marriage systems

When doing fieldwork, establishing rapport:

can involve exchanging gifts with the local people

The social distribution of the disease kuru in Papua New Guinea was based on which microcultural factor?

class

Political control in state level societies may involve:

coercion state-sanctioned violence standing armies

The idea that each culture must be understood in terms of its own values and beliefs and not by the standards of another is called...

cultural relativism

Research that is guided by a hypothesis is:

deductive

Cultures can create kinship via......

descent, sharing, and marriage

Human language has the capacity to communicate messages that are about events in the past or future. This feature is called

displacement

If you were invited to attend a potlatch among the Kwakwaka'wakw Indians of the Pacific Northwest, you would probably __________.

eat a lot

A research method for learning about culture that involves living in a culture for an extended period while gathering data is called:

ethnography

A typical emic approach might involve the study of:

events that have meaning for members of a particular culture

Generalized reciprocity is a mode of exchange that is most typical of __________.

foragers

A confederacy is defined as ____________.

formal alliance of chiefdomes

A factor in high rates of wife abuse in rural Kentucky is __________.

geographical isolation

Compared to temperate-climate foragers, circumpolar foragers:

have a more sharply differentiated gender division of labor

Children have the most tasks in which mode of livelihood?

horticulture

Below-replacement-level fertility is characteristic of the __________ mode of livelihood.

industrial/digital economy

The headman of a tribe has declared that certain cuts of meat should be reserved for himself and his family. A member of the tribe challenges this, and points out that meat, as well as other foods, have, according to tradition, always been shared equally among tribe members. The member of the tribe is seeking to bring about action on the basis of __________.

influence

Leadership in bands is __________.

informal

The cultural materialist perspective uses a three-level model of culture that includes:

infrastructure, structure, and superstructure

Three heterosexual couples are being married. Both the bride and groom of couple A are well-educated. The groom of couple B is from a much wealthier family than the bride. The bride of couple C is much taller than the groom. Which of the following sequences of terms is correctly applied to the three couples? isogamy, hypergyny, hypogyny

isogamy (couple A), hypergyny (couple B), hypogyny (couple C)

All of the following characteristics describe the caste system, except: it gets largely passed down to the next generation through engrained ideology it is legally enforced by the government it often results in in-group marriage it results in spatial segregation among members of society

it is legally enforced by the government

Which of the following statements about the Minangkabau culture is accurate?

it is the world's largest matrilineal culture.

A cultural relativist would view contemporary Nacirema culture as: just as interesting and worthy of study as any other,adaptively superior to any other, materialistic aggressive and without much worth, more ethical than most others

just as interesting and worthy of study as any other

The research tool showing the relatives known by an individual or "ego" is a __________.

kinship diagram

Bilineal descent systems are __________.

less common than unilineal descent systems

What trend has increased as smaller political organizations have given way to the state?

less reliance on kinship relations as a basis of political structures

The system of descent in which kinship is traced through the female line is called __________.

matrilineal

Compared with family farming, corporate farming is:

more geared to production for sale

________ is a mode of livelihood based on domesticated animal herds and the use of their products, such as meat and milk

patoralism

In the film 'Strange Relations', the first segment in North Africa tells a 'love marriage' story from a culture that practices which type of kinship:

patrilineal polygyny

Compared to a family, a household may include __________.

people who are not related by kinship

Which of the following 'social groups' would not be classified as being in your 'secondary social group'?

people you regularly meet for social gatherings

An individual with a health issue visits a traditional healer and reports an improved condition even though the visit did not include any explicit treatment. What term best applies to this scenario?

placebo effect

In cultural anthropology, Band, Tribe, Chiefdom, and State are terms used to describe

political organization

_________ is the term for the ability to use force in order to bring about results.

power

The term "medical pluralism" refers to the __________.

presence of multiple health systems within a society

According to the code of ethics of the American Anthropological Association (AAA), the anthropologist's first responsibility is to:

protect the people studied from harm related to the research

The Six Cultures study (discussed in your text and also in lecture) suggested that children in horticultural societies tend to be more __________________ than children in agricultural and industrial societies.

self-sacrificing

An example of the interpretivist approach in medical anthropology is __________.

showing how a song sung by a shaman might help a woman through a difficult birth

In the second stage of the Demographic Transition, birth rates _____, while death rates _____.

stay the same/fall drastically

The ecological/epidemiological approach in medical anthropology involves __________.

study of how the natural environment interacts with culture to cause disease

Neolocal residence for married couples is associated with __________.

the foraging mode of livelihood

Brideservice involves __________.

the groom working for the bride's family

One thing about which most cultural anthropologists agree is:

the importance of doing fieldwork

Cultural anthropologists link the modes of reproduction to ______.

the modes of livelihood

Polyandry, as it is depicted in Goldstein's article and in the film 'Strange Relations', involves:

the potential for emotional hardship for all of those involved

Ethnomedicine refers to ___________.

the study of cross-cultural health systems

The Hawthorne effect refers to:

the tendency for respondents to change their behavior to correspond with the researcher's interests

The Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis refers to the idea that

the way people use language affects the way they think

A common feature of people who take on "third gender roles" among Native American cultures is:

their general acceptance by society

The film 'American Tongues'

urges the viewer to think about whether he/she judges a person based on their dialect

A person's class position is:

usually measured in terms of income level

In a patrilineal kinship system, a married couple is most likely to reside __________.

with or near the parents of the groom

Which of the following is an ascribed status: prime minister of England Olympic medal winner principal of a high school Queen of England

Queen of England

Cross-culturally, women's speech and language patterns:

Reflects a woman's position in society

culture is not...

Static