Anthropology Final Study Guide

Homo erectus had a brain capacity of about _______ percent of modern humans.

70

in the Old World, archeologists suggest that state level societies first evolved in

Mesopotamia

the earliest writing in the Middle East comes from __________ culture and is called _________.

Sumerian/cuneiform

one well-known theory of state origin proposed by Robert Carneiro stresses population growth, war, and ___________

circumscription

the anthropological principle that a society's customs and ideas should be described subjectively and understood within the context of that society's problems and opportunities is called...

cultural relativism

Anthropologists speculate that early stone tools found in East Africa were made by

early Homo

the best known Acheulean tool associated with Homo erectus is the _________.

hand axes

In state level societies

not everyone needs to farm, and there are many different craft specialists

From the time agriculture developed to about 6000 B.C., people in the Near East lived in __________.

small villages

one major reason for the decline of many states appears to be

taxes on traded goods

cultures are often described as "integrated". this means that

there are many subgroups in society that work together

Homo erectus dates from ________ million years ago.

1.8

The average size of the brain of Homo sapiens is _________ cc.

1300

The earliest identifiable stone tools from East Africa date from about ________million years ago

2.5

Homo erectus fossils were first discovered by

Eugene Dubois.

which of the following is NOT part of the definition of culture?

It must be written down

________, the largest city in ancient Mesoamerica, began about 100 B.C. and lasted 7000 years.

Teotihuacan

why would hunters among the Kung hunter gatherers, who live in the Kalahari Desert of southern Africa, immediately distribute to the community all of the meat from animals they kill?

To keep the meat would make it rot

a person who judges other cultures negatively by comparing them to his or her own "superior" culture is said to be (in anthropological terminology)

ethnocentric

What characterizes early Homo so that we begin to see the start of new trends in hominid evolution

expansion of the brain, modification of female pelvis, and general reduction in the size of teeth

the Amish, as small as a group that holds commonly shared customs within a larger society, are known as a

subculture

The fact that monkeys and apes can learn new behaviors from each other __________.

suggests that humans are not the only creatures capable of culture

among the cultural adaptations Homo Erectus may have invented is/are ________.

use of fire, use of clothing, and better organization for scavenging, hunting, and defense against predators.

The first hominid species to be widely distributed in the Old World was

Homo Erectus