Antimicrobial Methods

Algicidal agents (algicides)

(Algicides) are used to kill algae in swimming pools and hot tubs

Asepsis

absence of pathogenic microorganisms within the blood or tissues

Pasteurization

eliminating pathogens from milk and most other beverages by the process of heating

aseptic techniques

laboratory techniques used to minimize contamination (used to eliminate and exclude pathogens)

What are antiseptics used for?

used to remove organisms lodged in pores and folds of the skin, healthcare personnel use an antiseptic soap and scrub with a brush. (does not penetrate pores and hair follicles to eliminate microbes residing there; it works on the surface)

fungicidal agents (fungicidal agents)

(Fungicides) kill fungi, including fungal spores

bacterial agents

(bactericides) specifically kill bacteria, but not necessarily bacterial endospores. This is because spore coats are thick and resistant to the effects of many disinfectants.

germicidal agents

(germicides) kills bacteria, virus and fungi on the skin and non-living surfaces

Microbicidal agents

(microbicides) effective against mycobacterium TB, fungi, viruses and bacterias.

types of sanitization methods

-Filtration -Landfills -Recycling -Ecological

Types of disinfectants (microbicidal agents)

-Germicidal agents -Biocidal agents -Microbicidal agents

Sporicidal agents

-required to kill bacterial endospores

examples of principal sterilizing agents in health care facilities

1)Dry heat -autoclaving (steam under pressure) 2) chemicals -ethylene oxide gas

Disinfection

A process that eliminates many or all microorganisms, with the exception of bacteria spores, from inanimate objects

Example of microbicides

Betadine

Example of biocide

Chlorine

virucidal agents

Destroys viruses

lyophilization

Good method of preserving microorganisms for future use. This method includes: Dry freezing- widely used to preserve foods, antibiotics, microbes, and other biological materials.

Landfills

Land disposal sites for solid waste. (far away from population to prevent the spread of microbes

Examples of Germicides

Phenol and alcohol

Sepsis

Presence of pathological microorganisms or their toxins in the blood or tissues

antisepsis

Prevention of infection by inhibiting or arresting the growth and multiplication of germs. Antisepsis implies scrupulously clean and free of all living microbes. (Removing pathogens from living tissue)

Sterilization

The process of destroying or eliminating all microbes Includes cells, spores and viruses.

ecology

The study of how living things (microbes) interact with each other and their environment proper hand washing techniques after eating or using the bathroom

Low resistance microbes to disinfection and sterilization

Vegetative bacteria, lipid, or medium-sized viruses

microbiostatic agent

a drug or chemical that inhibits growth and reproduction of microbes but does not necessarily kill them

antibiotics

a substance produced by a microbe(micro flora) that is effective in killing or inhibiting the growth of other microbes.

Filtration

a technique that uses a porous barrier to separate a solid from a liquid 1. passing water through a filter 2. pure oxygen or zone 3. passing water to a smaller filter to remove smaller 4. adding bacterial disinfecting agents such as chlorine

disinfectants

chemical used to disinfect inanimate objects. THEY DO NOT KILL SPORES because they are strong chemical substances (disinfectants are not to be used on living tissue as they are too strong)

Tuberculocidal agents

kill M. tuberculosis

Pseudomonicidal Agents

kill pseudomonas species

intermediate resistance microbes to disinfection and sterilization

non lipid or extremely small viruses, fungi (e.g. ebola virus)

high resistance microbes to disinfection and sterilization

prions, bacterial spores, coccidia, mycobacteria

antiseptic techniques

procedures followed to effect antisepsis; the use of antiseptics

biocidal agents

responsible for destroying and controlling the effect of harmful organism by chemical means. used in medicine, factories and other industry.

antiseptics

solutions used to disinfect skin and other living tissues.

bacteriostatic agent

specifically inhibits the metabolism and reproduction of bacteria

recycling

the act of processing used or abandoned materials for use in creating new products

Sanitization

the reduction of microbial populations to levels considered safe by public health standards