AP 2: Blood Vessels [Exam 2]

Where is the vasomotor center located? A) Hypothalamus B) Medulla oblongata C) Spinal cord D) Cerebellum E) Cerebral cortex

B) Medulla oblongata

What is the most important force driving reabsorption at the venous end of a capillary? A) Oncotic pressure B) Tissue fluid colloid osmotic pressure C) Blood colloid osmotic pressure D) Interstitial hydrostatic pressure E) Blood hydrostatic pressure

C) Blood colloid osmotic pressure

Which of the following does not move substances across capillary walls? A) Reabsorption B) Filtration C) Group transport D) Transcytosis E) Diffusion

C) Group transport

Which of the following is the most significant source of blood flow resistance? A) blood viscosity B) total blood vessel length C) blood vessel diameter D) blood vessels type

C) blood vessel diameter

Alternative routes of blood supply are called ________. A) metarterioles B) capillary beds C) preferred channels D) thoroughfare channels E) anastomoses

E) anastomoses

What does the medullary ischemic reflex result in? A) Increased circulation to the brain B) Reduced circulation to the brain C) Ischemia of the medulla oblongata D) Increased circulation to the adrenal medulla E) Hormone secretion by the adrenal medulla when perfusion drops

A) Increased circulation to the brain

What is taken up by the capillaries at their venous end? A) Waste products B) Oxygen C) Glucose D) Amino acids E) Organic nutrients

A) Waste products

During a marathon which of the following hormones is least likely to be released by the runner? A) atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) B) epinephrine C) angiotensin II D) antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

A) atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)

Blood flow to the ________ remains quite stable even when mean arterial pressure (MAP) fluctuates from 60 to 140 mm Hg. A) brain B) adrenal gland C) stomach D) skeletal muscles E) kidneys

A) brain

Which of the choices below reflects the balance (or imbalance) between the direction and amount of fluid that flows across the capillary walls? A) hydrostatic and osmotic pressure B) hydrostatic pressure only C) blood volume and viscosity D) plasma and formed element concentration

A) hydrostatic and osmotic pressure

Which of the following would not promote reabsorption from the venous end of the capillary bed? A) increasing solute concentration in the nearby interstitial fluid B) increasing solute concentration in the plasma of the circulating blood C) decreasing hydrostatic pressure of the blood. D) reducing solute concentration in the nearby interstitial fluid

A) increasing solute concentration in the nearby interstitial fluid

In general it is expected that ________. A) osmotic pressure will remain relatively consistent throughout the capillary bed B) osmotic pressure will be lower in the arteriole end of the capillary bed compared to the venous end C) osmotic pressure will be higher in the arteriole end of the capillary bed compared to the venous end D) hydrostatic pressure will remain constant throughout the capillary bed

A) osmotic pressure will remain relatively consistent throughout the capillary bed

In red bone marrow newly formed blood cells enter the circulation. You would expect to see many ________ type of capillaries in red bone marrow. A) sinusoid capillaries B) continuous capillaries C) fenestrated capillaries D) metarterioles

A) sinusoid capillaries

A bee sting can trigger a massive release of histamine, which causes ________ and a(n) ________ in arterial blood pressure. A) vasodilation; decrease B) vasodilation; increase C) vasoconstriction; decrease D) vasoconstriction; increase E) vasoconstriction; oscillation

A) vasodilation; decrease

Which statement best describes arteries? A) All carry oxygenated blood to the heart. B) All carry blood away from the heart. C) All contain valves to prevent the backflow of blood. D) Only large arteries are lined with endothelium.

B) All carry blood away from the heart.

Myocardial infarction can lead to what type of shock? A) Neurogenic B) Cardiogenic C) Obstructed venous return D) Venous pooling (vascular) E) Hypovolemic

B) Cardiogenic

Which of the following has the most important effect on blood velocity? A) Blood viscosity B) Vessel radius C) Blood osmolarity D) Hematocrit E) Vessel length

B) Vessel radius

In the brain the fluid that filters out of capillaries is highly regulated. You would expect to see ________ feeding the brain. A) sinusoid capillaries, with incomplete basement membrane B) continuous capillaries, with no intercellular clefts C) fenestrated capillaries, with thin diaphragms made of extracellular glycoproteins D) metarterioles leading directly to thoroughfare cannels

B) continuous capillaries, with no intercellular clefts

Reduction in the concentration of albumin in blood plasma would alter capillary exchange by ________. A) increasing hydrostatic pressure and edema will occur B) decreasing colloid osmotic pressure and edema will occur C) increasing hydrostatic pressure and blood volume, blood pressure increases D) decreasing colloid osmotic pressure and blood volume, blood pressure increases

B) decreasing colloid osmotic pressure and edema will occur

Blood flow to the skin ________. A) is controlled mainly by decreasing pH B) increases when environmental temperature rises C) increases when body temperature drops so that the skin does not freeze D) is not an important source of nutrients and oxygen for skin cells

B) increases when environmental temperature rises

Which of the following is likely during vigorous exercise? A) Blood will be diverted to the digestive organs. B) The skin will be cold and clammy. C) Capillaries of the active muscles will be engorged with blood. D) Blood flow to the kidneys increases.

C) Capillaries of the active muscles will be engorged with blood.

In people who stand for long periods, blood tends to pool in the lower limbs and this may result in varicose veins. What causes the varicose veins? A) An aneurysm or weak point in an artery B) An aneurysm or weak point in a vein C) Failure of the venous valves D) Failure of the lymphatic valves E) A ruptured aneurysm in a vein

C) Failure of the venous valves

Which of the following is not a possible circulatory route from the heart? A) Heart → arteries → capillary bed → veins → heart B) Heart → arteries → capillary bed → vein → capillary bed → veins → heart C) Heart → arteries → capillary bed → vein → capillary bed → arteries → heart D) Heart → arteries → arterial anastomosis → capillary bed → veins → heart E) Heart → arteries → arterial anastomosis → capillary bed → venous anastomosis → veins → heart

C) Heart → arteries → capillary bed → vein → capillary bed → arteries → heart

What type of shock can be produced by hemorrhage, severe burns, or dehydration? A) Anaphylactic B) Cardiogenic C) Hypovolemic D) Venous pooling E) Neurogenic

C) Hypovolemic

A drug that restricts the activity of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) would like result in all of the following physiologic changes but one. Which of the following is the least likely to result from a drug blocking ACE activity? A) decreased peripheral resistance due to decreases vasomotor tone B) increased urine output due to reduction in circulating antidiuretic hormone (ADH) C) increased thirst and higher blood volume D) lower levels of circulating aldosterone and lowered sodium reabsorption

C) increased thirst and higher blood volume

Peripheral resistance ________. A) decreases with increasing length of the blood vessel B) increases as blood vessel diameter increases C) increases as blood viscosity increases D) is not a major factor in blood pressure in healthy individuals

C) increases as blood viscosity increases

Which of the following would not promote filtration from the arteriole end of the capillary bed? A) increasing blood pressure B) relaxing precapillary sphincters C) increasing plasma protein concentration D) reducing hydrostatic pressure within the interstitial fluid

C) increasing plasma protein concentration

Which of the following would have the least influence on blood pressure? A) cardiac output B) peripheral resistance C) white blood cell count D) blood volume

C) white blood cell count

Which of the following is not true regarding fenestrated capillaries? A) Fenestrated capillaries in the small intestine receive nutrients from digested food. B) Fenestrated capillaries in endocrine organs allow hormones rapid entry into the blood. C) Fenestrated capillaries are essential for filtration of blood plasma in the kidney. D) Fenestrated capillaries form the blood-brain barrier.

D) Fenestrated capillaries form the blood-brain barrier.

What is the longest vein commonly used in grafts in coronary bypass surgery? A) Inferior vena cava B) Femoral vein C) Deep femoral vein D) Great saphenous vein E) Common iliac vein

D) Great saphenous vein

Which of the following does not lead to edema? A) Obstruction of lymphatic vessels B) Liver disease C) Famine D) Hyperproteinemia E) Hypertension

D) Hyperproteinemia

Which of the following is associated with vasomotion? A) Collagen and elastic tissue in the tunica media B) Elastic tissue in the tunica externa C) Endothelium in the tunica interna D) Smooth muscle in the tunica media E) Fenestrations in the tunica externa

D) Smooth muscle in the tunica media

Permitting the exchange of nutrients and gases between the blood and tissue cells is the primary function of ________. A) arterioles B) arteries C) veins D) capillaries

D) capillaries

Arteriolar blood pressure increases in response to all but which of the following? A) increasing stroke volume B) increasing heart rate C) rising blood volume D) falling blood volume E) all of these

D) falling blood volume

Factors that aid venous return include all except ________. A) activity of skeletal muscles B) pressure changes in the thorax C) venous valves D) urinary output

D) urinary output

What is the most important force driving filtration at the arterial end of a capillary? A) Oncotic pressure B) Tissue fluid colloid osmotic pressure C) Blood colloid osmotic pressure D) Interstitial hydrostatic pressure E) Blood hydrostatic pressure

E) Blood hydrostatic pressure

Which of the following decreases blood pressure? A) Norepinephrine B) Antidiuretic hormone C) Angiotensin II D) Aldosterone E) Natriuretic peptides

E) Natriuretic peptides

What type of shock occurs when bacterial toxins trigger vasodilation and increase capillary permeability? A) Compensated B) Anaphylactic C) Neurogenic D) Cardiogenic E) Septic

E) Septic

Blood flow is pulsatile in arteries and veins, but it is steady in capillaries. True or False?

False. Capillaries can contract and control blood flow where veins and arteries provide a steady blood flow.

Decompensated shock is normally corrected by the body's homeostatic mechanisms. True or False?

False. Decompensated shock is when the body is no longer able to maintain a high enough blood pressure for the body to function correctly.

An obstruction in the superior vena cava would decrease the flow of blood from the head and neck to the heart. True or False?

True

Arteries supplying the same territory are often merged with one another, forming arterial anastomoses. True or False?

True

Blood filtered through the hepatic sinusoids exits the liver via the hepatic veins. True or False?

True

Blood flow through a capillary bed is regulated by precapillary sphincters. True or False?

True

Increased capillary filtration, reduced re-absorption, or obstruction of lymphatic drainage can lead to edema. True or False?

True

The pulmonary circuit is the only route in which arteries carry less oxygen than veins. True of False?

True

Vasomotion can raise or lower blood pressure throughout the body. True or False?

True

Define vasoconstriction and vasodilation.

Vasoconstriction: reduction in lumen diameter of a blood vessel due to smooth muscle contraction. Vasodilation is the widening of the lumen due to smooth muscle relaxation.

Which type of blood vessels contain valves and what is their function?

Veins contain valves to prevent blood from back-flowing. This is needed because sometimes blood must flow against gravity, especially in the limbs.

Which of the following would decrease capillary filtration? A) Increased permeability of lymphatic capillaries B) Dehydration C) Increased capillary permeability D) Dietary protein deficiency E) Obstructed venous return

B) Dehydration

Which of the following is a portal system? A) Heart → artery → vein → heart B) Heart → artery → arteriole → capillary bed → arteriole → capillary bed → venule → vein → heart C) Heart → artery → artery → arteriole → capillary bed → venule → vein → heart D) Heart → artery → arteriole → capillary bed → venule → vein → vein → heart

B) Heart → artery → arteriole → capillary bed → arteriole → capillary bed → venule → vein → heart

What is the most important force in venous flow? A) Cardiac suction B) The pressure generated by the heart C) The skeletal muscle pump D) The thoracic (respiratory) pump E) The one way flow due to valves

B) The pressure generated by the heart

In general it is expected that ________. A) hydrostatic pressure will rise as blood moves away from the arteriole end of the capillary bed B) hydrostatic pressure will drop as blood moves away from the arteriole end of the capillary bed C) hydrostatic pressure will remain constant throughout the capillary bed D) osmotic pressure will be lower in the arteriole end of the capillary bed compared to the venous end

B) hydrostatic pressure will drop as blood moves away from the arteriole end of the capillary bed

If a person stands up suddenly from the prone (lying) position they may feel a sudden dizzy or lightheadedness. Which of the following is the least likely physiological response to this situation? A) increasing peripheral resistance due to vasoconstriction B) increased parasympathetic nerve impulses to the heart C) increased sympathetic output to the heart D) faster heart rate and greater heart contractility

B) increased parasympathetic nerve impulses to the heart

The outermost wall of an artery or vein is called the ________ and in large arteries and veins contains the ________. A) tunica media; smooth muscle B) tunica externa; vasa vasorum C) tunica externa; valves D) tunica intima; endothelium E) tunica intima; basement membrane

B) tunica externa; vasa vasorum

Which tunic of an artery is most responsible for maintaining blood pressure and continuous blood circulation? A) tunica intima B) tunica media C) tunica externa D) tunica adventitia

B) tunica media

The form of circulatory shock known as hypovolemic shock is ________. A) the form of shock caused by anaphylaxis B) any condition in which blood vessels are inadequately filled and blood cannot circulate normally C) shock that results from large-scale loss of blood volume, or after severe vomiting or diarrhea D) always fatal

C) shock that results from large-scale loss of blood volume, or after severe vomiting or diarrhea

Which of the following routes of blood flow is correct? A) Heart → venule → medium vein → large vein → capillary → conducting artery → distributing artery → arteriole → heart B) Heart → large vein → medium vein → venule→ capillary → arteriole → distributing artery → conducting artery → heart C) Heart → distributing artery → conducting artery → arteriole → capillary → venule → large vein → medium vein → heart D) Heart → conducting artery → distributing artery → arteriole → capillary → venule → medium vein → large vein → heart

D) Heart → conducting artery → distributing artery → arteriole → capillary → venule → medium vein → large vein → heart

Which of the following statements regarding the hepatic portal system is FALSE? A) It carries nutrients, toxins, and microorganisms to the liver for processing. B) Its major vessels are the superior mesenteric, inferior mesenteric, and splenic veins. C) It consists of a vein connecting two capillary beds together. D) It branches off of the inferior vena cava.

D) It branches off of the inferior vena cava.

Each of the following describes the action of aldosterone except one. Which of the following does not describe the activity of aldosterone hormone? A) It promotes an increase in blood pressure. B) It promotes an increase in sodium reabsorption from the kidney to the blood. C) It will reduce urine output. D) It will result in higher sodium levels in the urine.

D) It will result in higher sodium levels in the urine.

The velocity and pressure of blood is slowest and lowest in the capillary beds. Which of the following is not an accurate description of the benefits of slow, low pressure blood in the capillary beds? A) Lower pressure reduces the chance of injury to delicate capillary vessels. B) Slower blood flow through capillaries allows more time for diffusion to take place in the capillary bed. C) Lower pressure on the venus end of the capillary bed allows for greater reabsorption of fluid back to the plasma. D) Lower pressure in the capillary bed helps to increase pressure in the venus circulation.

D) Lower pressure in the capillary bed helps to increase pressure in the venus circulation.

Where is the greatest volume of blood found in the body? A) Pulmonary circuit B) Heart C) Arteries D) Veins E) Capillaries

D) Veins

Which of the following does not contribute to venous return? A) The difference of pressure between venules and the venae cavae B) The expansion and contraction of the thoracic cavity during ventilation C) The suction created by the atria slightly expanding during ventricular systole D) Widespread vasodilation E) Contraction of skeletal muscles of the limbs

D) Widespread vasodilation