AP 2 OLD EXAM RESPIRATORY STUFF

The conducting zone does not act to a. clean air of debris b. conduct air into the lungs c. add water to air d. warm air e. it does all this stuff

E. all of the above it does

yawning is a modified respiratory movement that a. involves relaxation of the external intercostal muscles b. involves contraction of the abdominal muscles c. is stimulated by irritation of the nasal mucosa d. involves spasmodic closure of larynx e. involves a smooth contraction of the diaphragm

Yawning is a modified respiratory movement that...? INVOLVES A SMOOTH EXTENDED CONTRACTION OF THE DIAPHRAGM yawning by definition is: A deep inhalation through the widely opened mouth producing an exaggerated depression of the mandible; it may be stimulated by drowsiness, or someone else's yawning, but the precise cause is unknown

for air to enter lungs during inhalation a. the pressure inside lungs must become lower than the atmospheric pressure b. the pressure in lungs must be higher than the atmospheric pressure c. the pressure in lungs must be equal to atmospheric pressure d. the size of the lungs must be decreased e. the diaphragm has to be relaxed

a. pressure inside lungs must become lower than atmospheric pressure

this is the primary gas exchange site trachea, bronchiole, nasal sinuses, alveolus, bronchs

alveolus

which is the dominant method of carbon dioxide transport? a. bound to hemoglobin b. bound to oxygen c. dissolved in plasma as a gas d. dissolved in plasma as bicarbonate ions e. diffusion

dissolved in plasma as bicarbonate ions (70%) 7% of co2 is dissolved in plasma 23% is on hemoglobin

which of the following affect(s) the release of oxygen from HB a. partial pressure of oxygen b. temp c. acidity d. carbon dioxide in the tissue e. all of the above

e. all the more co2 in blood, the more acidic* so that one counts too

thsi structure prevents food or water from entering teh trach

epiglottis

which of the following is NOT a factor that the rate of pulmonary and systemic gas exchange depends on a. partial pressure diff of the gases b. surface area for gas exchange c. diffusion distance d. molecular weight and solubility of the gases e. force of contraction of diaphragm

force of contraction of diaphragm

this means the lungs and the chest wall expand easily a. high surface tension b. low surface tension c. high compliance d. low compliance e. none of the above

high compliance

exhalation begins when a. inspiratory muscles relax b. diaphragm contracts c. blood circ is the lowest d. inspiratory muscles relax and diaphragm contracts all of the above

inspiratory muscles relax

the exchange of gases between blood in the systemic capillaries and tissues is called a. pulmonary ventilation b. internal respiration c. external respiration d. expiration e. inspiration

internal respiration

the basic rhythm of respiration is controlled by the a. pons b. medulla oblongata c. hypothalamus d. pneumotaxic area e. apneustic area

medulla oblongata

this is direction of diffusion of gases at the alveoli of lungs a. oxygen into blood, carbon dioxide into blood b. oxygen out of blood, carbon dioxide into blood c. oxygen into blood, carbon dioxide out of blood d. oxygenout of blood, carbon dioxide otu of blood e. none of the above

oxygen into blood, carbon dioxide out of blood

This is direction of diffusion of gases at capillaries near system cells a. oxygen into blood, carbon dioxide into blood b. oxygen out of blood, carbon dioxide into blood c. oxygen into blood, carbon dioxide out of blood d. oxygenout of blood, carbon dioxide otu of blood e. none of the above

oxygen out of blood, carbon dioxide into blood

which of the following passaeg way is for air and food pharynk, larynx, paranasal sinuses, trachea, esophagus

pharynx

carbon monoxide a. binds weakly to amino acids within hemoglobin b. binds to teh heme group of hemoglobin c. binds more strongly to the heme than oxygen does d. binds weakly to amino acids within hb and binds to the heme group of hb e. binds to the heme group of hb and binds more strongly to the heme than oxygen does

E

which is a factor that does NOT affect hemoglobins affinity for oxygen a. pH of blood b. partial pressure of the oxygen c. amount of oxygen available d. temperature e. respiratory rate

E respiratory rate

which of the below tissues forms the exchange surfaces of the alveolus? a. stratified squamous epithelium? b. ciliated pseudostratified columnar with goblet cells c. simple squamous epithelium d. hyaline cartilage e. columnar connective tissue with goblet cells

simple squamous epithelium

this is located anterior to the esophagus and carries air to the bronchi a. trachea b. larynx c. nasopharynx d. pharynx e. none of the above

trachea

these are cells of the alveoli that produce surfactant a. type 1 alveolar cells b. type 2 alveolar cells c. type 3 alveolar cells d. surface cells e. macrophages

type 2 alveolar cells (septal cells) these aer rounded epithelial cells that secrete alveolar fluid with surfactant to inhibit alveolar collapse remember type 1 is simple squamous

What is the difference between type 1 alveolar cells and type 2?

type I alveolar cells are simple squamous type II (septal cells) are rounded epithelial cells that secrete alveolar fluid with surfactant to inhibit alveolar colapse