AP Art History Unit 2 MC Practice

the form of the augustus of prima porta is intended to recall

the idealization of the human form as seen in Greek classical sculptures such as the Doryphoros

Classical Sculpture

-Contrapposto (weight shift on one leg) -Forms become highly idealized and have heroic bodies -Polykleitos defined the canon of proportion of the human figure -In the later part of the period, gods were sculpted in a more humanized way -Height of idealized human body; focused on creating movement and ideal proportions -Humanism (Man is the measure of all things) --> Gods and goddesses were physically portrayed as perfect human beings -Rationalism (Reason triumphs over emotion) --> Greeks saw log and reason in natural processes, All things (even art) should have meaning and pattern to it -Idealism (Product of first 2 principles) --> Generalized art, searching for universal ideas, not individualistic details

Doric Order

-Greeks in mainland Greece preferred this -Oldest, simplified capitals -Columns with tapered shafts that sit WITHOUT a base -Smooth or fluted column shafts and plain, cushion like capitals -A frieze of metopes and triglyphs -Ex: Acropolis (both Doric and Ionic), Parthenon (both Doric and Ionic), Temple of Minerva (both Doric and Ionic)

Archaic Sculpture

-Kouros and kore figures -Often painted and located high on the temple facade -Archaic smile → mouth in closed smile (condescended emotion, highlighted wellness) -Rigid posture, emphasis on form, no movement, heavy Egyptian influence, became progressively more realistic -Patterned and Naturalistic -Focus on anatomical representation of human body -Impulse for pattern → tradition of balanced patterns in musculature and bones -Human representation symmetrical → little variety in posture and gesture -Sculpture → Arms and legs freed from stone

Hellenistic Sculpture

-Portrayed bodies realistically -Dramatic posing -Pursued sense of freedom -Moved away from the harmonic balance and idealized for of the classical age -Instead of creating idealized images of men, women, and gods, its sculptors created more natural works such as ordinary peasants with old, wrinkled faces -People are less heroic, more everyday (fewer gods, more motals) -More emotion and melodramatics, more bodies in motion and no empty gazes

what does the Alexander Mosaic show?

Alexander as young and brave defeating Darius who is horrified and weakly ceding the victory

Who is the god in the Code of Hammurabi?

Babylonian god Shamash

the sculpture of Apollo from Veii is inspired by ancient Greek works like kouri figures EXCEPT that the

Etruscan works move in space more dramatically

Shamash is the god of trade and productivity True or False?

False

the huge carvings of human-headed, winged bulls that guarded the entrances of Assyrian palaces are called

Lamassu

Ur was one of the great cities of

Mesopotamia

What god is depicted in the Winged Victory of Samothrace?

Nike (victory)

What does Niobedes Krater depict?

Niobid bragged about her fertility to the god Leto, who only have 2 kids, so his 2 children (Apollo and Artemis) took revenge by killing Niobid's 12 kids

The Panathenaic Procession is illustrated in a group of sculptures located on the

Parthenon

Which of the following is NOT true of the Law Code of Hammurabi?

The God Shamash gives King Hammurabi written language symbolized by the stylus he holds

The best preserved temple from the Classical period is found in the agora. What is it called?

The Temple of Apollo

which of the following architectural innovations provided an enhanced religious experience for visitors walking through the Hypostyle Hall at the Temple of Amun-Re at Karnak?

The clerestory, which allowed for the illumination of the central aisle

Which of the following statements is true of both the Ludovisi Battle Sarcophagus and Athena Battling Alkyoneos from the Great Altar of Zeus and Athena at Pergamon

They illustrate the conquest of barbarians

The form of the columns in the hypostyle hall was intended to recall the: a) dense clusters of papyrus reeds on the Nile b) statuesque figures of the pharaoh and his family c) palm trees that grow near desert oases d) celestial rays that emanate from the crown of Amun-Re

a) dense clusters of papyrus reeds on the Nile

The Standard of Ur reflects a stratified society where individuals had a particular role in their community. What made this stratification possible?

agricultural surplus

Which of the following statements is true of both the Standard of Ur from the Royal Tombs at Ur and the Palette of Narmer? a) They portray dynastic succession b) They celebrate military victory c) They designate the king as a sun god d) They depict an enemy's military banner

b) They celebrate military victory

Which of the following aspects of ancient Egyptian beliefs is reflected in the program of relief carvings and hieroglyphics that cover the interior and exterior surfaces of the temple complex? a) the temple priests were the sole intercessors between gods and humans b) the pharaoh possessed divinely granted power to maintain order on earth c) Egyptian gods were in constant conflict with foreign deities d) ordinary humans could reign as gods in the afterlife

b) the pharaoh possessed divinely granted power to maintain order on earth

Which of the following is true of the Stele with the Law Code of Hammurabi? (may be multiple answers) a) Shamash is returning the ring and staff stolen from Hammurabi. b) Shamash is shown receiving the ring and the staff from Hammurabi. c) The ring and staff are symbols of power. d) Hammurabi is shown receiving the ring and the staff from Shamash.

c) The ring and staff are symbols of power. d) Hammurabi is shown receiving the ring and the staff from Shamash.

The Function of the Athenian agora was to

create laws and conduct business

The materials and art-making process used to create the work in question 7 (Theotokos with Child) demonstrate the influence of: a) ancient Roman wall paintings b) New Kingdom papyrus illustrations c) ancient Greek red-figure vase painting d) Late Antique Egyptian funerary portraiture

d) Late Antique Egyptian funerary portraiture

the painting called The Last Judgement of Hu-Nefer shows the

deceased being asked to account for the deeds in his life

Shamash's horned hat symbolizes his

divinity

Etruscan tombs have fresco paintings that show

funerary banquets

the anavysos kouros is a...

general representation of an ideal warrior

the architectural complex shown can be identified as the

great pyramids (menkaura, khafre, khufu) & great sphinx

The White Temple and its ziggurat has all of the following design elements EXCEPT

it has a small interior chamber that held the tomb of the king

the work on the left has been anthropomorphized meaning that

it has characteristics of a human, but is not human itself

The Palette of Narmer, created in Egypt around 3100 BCE is significant for which of the following reasons?

it is one of the first identifiable recordings of a historical event in art

All of the following are characteristic of the Colosseum in Rome EXCEPT

it was used for chariot races

Hammurabi was a Babylonian king who created one of the first

law codes

The Standard of Ur, an ancient Sumerian work, shows that at an early date there was extensive trading between peoples. All of the following elements on this work were imported through trade EXCEPT

marble from Greece

the function of the Anavysos Kouros is to

mark the grave of a dead athlete

the art of the Amarna period is different from the art of earlier Egyptian periods in that the figures are

more relaxed and realistic

the Apollo from Veii was probably originally placed

on a temple roof as part of a reenactment of a mythological story

A stoa is

place for business and commerce

An atrium, such as the one seen in the House of Vettii, supplies light and air into the private spaces of a Roman home. Atriums can also function as

places to gather rainwater

the statue of the seated scribe indicates that sculptors in old kingdom egypt were willing to deviate from the traditional canon of representation, as exemplified by the statue of king menkaura and queen, when they were

portraying figures of relatively lesser social status

The hunting scenes in Assyrian art that portray wounded and dying lions were meant primarily to

represent the king's ritual hunt

The Panathenaic way which runs through the agora was used for

sacred processions

What was the Standard of Ur used for?

scholars do not know

the veristic sculptures of Roman art are usually images of

senators

the Anavysos Kouros has in common with Egyptian Sculpture its

stance

Egyptian sculptors sometimes used sunken relief rather than bas-relief because of all of the following EXCEPT

sunken reliefs are easier to carve, a necessity because Egyptians used soft bronze age tools to carve into hard stones like greywacke

the mortuary temple of Hatsheput originally included which of the following features as part of the complex,

terraces filled with exotic trees and plants

The tradition of depicting figures in isocephalism applied to all of the following works EXCEPT

the Niobides Krater

The White Temple is constructed on a large platform base that raises it above the ground and gives the structure considerable height. This technique was highly influential for hundreds of years and can be seen in

the Palace of Darius at Persepolis, Iran

which of the following works is a Roman copy of a Greek original

the alexander mosaic

the white temple and its ziggurat symbolize all of the following except

the gods required their buildings to be of mud-brick to represent the impermanence of life

what does doryphoros represent?

the ideal spartan warrior and athlete

the ground plan of this building (Amun Re) indicates

the interior rooms are dominated by closely spaced thick columns

Many works of Ancient Near Eastern art that survive today show

the power of kings and rulers

the laws expressed on the Code of Hammurabi can be summarized as

the punishment reflects the crime

which historical event is represented on the palette of King Narmer

the unification of upper and lower egypt

how do the visual characteristics of the statues of votive figures from the Square Temple at Eshunna reflect the religious context in which they were originally intended to function?

they are depicted with large eyes and prayerful gestures to illustrate their eternal attendance and devotion to the deity on a donor's behalf

Corinthian Order

-Capitals had leaves -Straight columns had bases that transitioned to the floor -Taller than Doric, just like Ionic -Highly decorative → Scroll (volutes) and leaves -Ex:

Ionic Order

-Greek island architects preferred this -Columns SIT ON bases -Scrolling volutes -Friezes of sculpture placed along the entablature -Sense of delicacy → not mass or muscularity -Taller, thinner -Ex: Acropolis (both Doric and Ionic), Parthenon (both Doric and Ionic), Temple of Minerva (both Doric and Ionic)

The Panathenaic procession processes from the

Dipylon Gate to the Parthenon

The Pergamon Altar depicts the battle between the gods and the giants, but also symbolically represents

Greek defeat of the Persians

Much of our knowledge of ancient Greek sculpture comes from

Roman copies

Which of the following is not true about individual buildings in the agora?

The Tholos is where a subset of senators were on call twenty four hours a day

The Column of Trajan was built to commemorate

Trajan's victory over the Dacians

In the Standard of Ur, the most important figures are the largest and the smaller figures are less important. True or False?

True

One of the main messages of the Stele with the Law Code of Hammurabi is that Hammurabi's laws come from a divine True or False?

True

The tomb of which of the following Egyptian pharaohs was discovered in 1922?

Tutankhamen

The Standard of Ur was found during the archaeological excavation of

a burial site

the purpose of the sculpture the seated scribe is to

attend to the pharaoh's needs in the afterlife

where was the Athenian Agora located?

bottom of the acropolis

to emphasize realism seen in the seated boxer, the artist used

copper to indicate wounds on the hands

what is the grave stele of hegeso?

it commemorates the death of hegeso

Etruscan art is unique in its

tradition of depicting men and women together in a funerary monument

the temple of minerva differs from traditional greek temples such as the parthenon in that the temple of minerva most likely

was made of wood, mud brick, and clay instead of stone and marble

The impluvium is where Romans gathered for

water

Helios Horses is a sculptural group placed on the pediment of the Parthenon because these figures

were witnesses to Athena's birth

which of the following structures are in the agora?

a tholos

The Column of Trajan had many functions, including all of the following except: a) it was the centerpiece of buildings surrounding the Forum of Trajan b) it was used as a large sundial to indicate the time of day c) it acted as the Emperor Trajan's tomb d) it recounts the military victory of Emperor Trajan against the Dacians

b) it was used as a large sundial to indicate the time of day

A pharaoh progressing through the temple complex was intended to encounter: a) spaces arranged at oblique angles, which culminated in a majestic, light-filled foyer b) spaces that were increasingly dark and mysterious, leading to the inner sanctum housing the cult statue c) a series of open courtyards and halls illuminated with clerestory windows that led to the pharaoh's throne room d) narrow, serpentine walkways that mimicked the flow of the Nile River, terminating at a sacred pool

b) spaces that were increasingly dark and mysterious, leading to the inner sanctum housing the cult statue