AP Bio final exam mrs. clark

over the years, the fluid mosaic model has been refined based on recent experimental findings. in the years since the proposal of the fluid mosaic model of the cell membrane, which of the following observations has been added to the model?

E. the concentration of protein molecules appears to be much higher

which of the following statements concerning saturated fats is not true?

E. they have multiple double bonds in the carbon chains of their fatty acids

what was the most significant conclusion that Gregor Mendel drew from his experiments with pea plants?

E. traits are inherited in discrete units and are not the results of "blending"

the tertiary structure of a protein is the:

E. unique three-dimensional shape of the fully folded polypeptide

what is the genotype of individual II-5?

E. ww

if a DNA sample were composed of 10% thymine, what would be the percentage of guanine?

A. 40

mitosis is commonly found in all of the following except:

A. a haploid animal cell

which of the following descriptions best fits the class of molecules known as nucleotides?

A. a nitrogenous base, a phosphate group, and a pentose sugar

what results from an unequal sharing of electrons between atoms?

A. a polar covalent bond

what is the difference between covalent bonds and ionic bonds?

A. covalent bonds involve the sharing of electrons between atoms; ionic bonds involve the electrical attraction between atoms

after telophase I of meiosis, the chromosomal makeup of each daughter cell is:

A. haploid, and the chromosomes are each composed of twi chromatids

humans can digest starch but not cellulose because:

A. humans have enzymes that can hydrolyze the (a) glycosidic linkages of starch but not the (B) glycosidic linkages of cellulose

why does ice float in liquid water?

A. hydrogen bonds stabilize and keep the molecules of ice farther apart than the water molecules of liquid water

the flower color trait in radishes is an example of which of the following?

A. incomplete dominance

if true-breeding red long radishes are crossed with true-breeding white oval radishes, the F1 will be expected to be which of the following?

A. purple and long

in a high school laboratory, which of the following constitutes an experiment?

A. seeking to identify the pigments present in a leaf

which of the following effects is produced by the high surface tension of water?

B. a water strider can walk across the surface of a small pond

which organelle structure is absent in plant cells?

B. centrosomes

a molecule with the formula C18H36O2 is probably a:

B. fatty acid

which of the following happens at the conclusion of meiosis I?

B. homologous chromosomes of a pair are separated from each other

which of these are not embedded in the hydrophobic portion of the lipid bilayer?

B. peripheral proteins

which structure is the site of the synthesis of proteins that may be exported from the cell?

B. rough ER

the liver is involved in detoxification of many poisons and drugs. which of the following structures is primarily involved in this process and therefore abundant in liver cells?

B. smooth ER

which of the following occurs in meiosis but not in mitosis?

B. synapsis of chromosomes

celery stalk that are immersed fresh water for several hours become stiff and hard. similar stalks left in a 0.15M salt solution become limp and soft. from this we can deduce that:

B. the fresh water is hypotonic and the salt solution is hypertonic to the cells of the celery stalks

why did Mendel continue some of his experiments to the F2 or F3 generation?

B. to observe whether or not a recessive trait would appear

black fur in mice (B) is dominant to brown fur (b). short tails (T) are dominant to long tails (t). what fraction of the progeny of crosses BbTt x BBtt will be expected to have black fur and long tails?

C. 1/2

what do we mean when we use the terms monohybrid cross and dihybrid cross?

C. a dihybrid cross involves organisms that are heterozygous for two characters, and a monohybrid cross involves only one

all of the following contain amino acids except:

C. cholesterol

which of the following are nitrogenous bases of the pyrimidine type?

C. cytosine and uracil

glucose diffuses slowly through artificial phospholipid bilayers. the cells lining the small intestine, however, rapidly move large quantities of glucose from the glucose-rich food into their glucose-poor cytoplasm. using this information, which transport mechanism is most probably functioning in the intestinal cells?

C. facilitated diffusion

which of the following are qualities of any good scientific hypothesis: i. it is testable ii. it is falsifiable iii. it produces quantitative data iv. it produces results that can be replicated

C. i and ii only it is testable and falsifiable

which of the following contains hydrolytic enzymes?

C. lysosome

a covalent chemical bond is one in which:

C. outer- shell electrons of one atom are transferred to fill the inner electron shell of another atom

which animal cell organelle contains enzymes that transfer hydrogen from various substrates to oxygen?

C. peroxisome

the volume enclosed by the plasma membrane of plant cells is often much larger than the corresponding volume in animal cells. the most reasonable explanation for this observation is that:

C. plant cells contain a large vacuole that reduces the volume of the cytoplasm

increased atmospheric CO2 concentrations might have what effect on sea water?

C. sea water will become more acidic, and carbonate concentrations will decrease

in the cross AaBbCc x AaBbCc, what is the probability of producing the genotype AABBCC?

D. 1/64

which of the following best describes a karyotype?

D. a display of each of the chromosomes of a single cell

the element present in all organic molecules is:

D. carbon

which 2 functional groups are always found in amino acids?

D. carboxyl and amino

research indicates that acid precipitation can damage certain marine organisms by:

D. decreasing the concentration of carbonate ions in oceans

which of the following best summarizes the relationship between dehydration reactions and hydrolysis?

D. dehydration reactions assemble polymers, and hydrolysis reactions break down polymers

the presence of cholesterol in the plasma membranes of some animals:

D. enables the membrane to stay fluid more easily when cell temperature drops

which of the following solutions would require the greatest amount of base to be added to bring the solution to neutral pH?

D. gastric juice at pH2

which of the following is not a polymer?

D. glucose

which of the following statements is correct about diffusion?

D. it is a passive process in which molecules move from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration

the advantage of light microscopy over electron microscopy is that:

D. light microscopy allows one to view dynamic processes in living cells

which level of protein structure do the (a) helix and (B) pleated sheet represent?

D. secondary

which type of organelle or structure is primarily involved in the synthesis of oils, phospholipids, and steroids?

D. smooth endoplasmic reticulum

at what level(s) of protein structure are interactions between the side chains (R groups) most important?

D. tertiary

two plants are crossed, resulting in offspring with a 3:1 ratio for a particular trait. what does this suggest?

D. that the parents were both heterozygous for a single trait

if a solution has a pH of 7, this means that:

D. the concentration of H ions in the water equals the concentration of OH ions in the water

which of the following is not a monomer/ polymer pairing?

D. triglyceride/ phospholipid bilayer

which organelle often takes up much of the volume in a plant cell?

D. vacuole

why is it important that an experiment include a control group?

D. without a control group, there is no basis for knowing if a particular result is due to the variable being tested

when crossing an organism that is homozygous recessive for a single trait with a heterozygote, what is the chance of producing an offspring with the homozygous recessive phenotype

E. 50%

which of the following would be regarded as compounds?

E. H2O and CH4, but not O2

the cell membranes of antarctic ice fish might have which of the following adaptations?

E. a high percentage of polyunsaturated fatty acids

a human cell containing 22 autosomes and a y chromosome is:

E. a sperm

which of the following are nitrogenous bases of purine type?

E. adenine and guanine

lactose, a sugar in milk, is composed of one glucose molecule joined by a glycosidic linkage to one galactose molecule. how is lactose classified?

E. as a disaccharide

van der waals interactions result when:

E. electrons are not symmetrically distributed in a molecule

which of the following provides an example of epistasis?

E. in rabbits and many other mammals, one genotype (ee) prevents any fur color from developing

which organelle is the primary source of ATP synthesis in eukaryotic cells?

E. mitochondrion

which of the following is an example of polygenic inheritance?

E. skin pigmentation in humans

which of the following statements correctly describes the normal tonicity conditions for typical plant and animal cells?

E. the animal cell is in an isotonic solution, and the plant cell is in a hypotonic solution