AP Bio Organelles

All eukaryotic cells contain at least one Golgi complex, typically located in the cytoplasm and near the endoplasmic reticulum. Which of the following best describes a process that occurs within the Golgi complex?

Enzymatic modification of newly synthesized integral membrane proteins

Which of the following claims is scientifically accurate and consistent with an observation that a decrease in lysosome production within a cell leads to a decline in mitochondrial activity?

Fewer lysosomes will be available to break down macromolecules to provide the necessary nutrients for cellular respiration.

Liver cells manufacture glycoproteins, while adipose cells store fat. Which of the following sub-cellular structures is likely to be more prominent in liver cells than in adipose cells?

Golgi apparatus

Organelles such as mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum have membranes that compartmentalize reactions and other metabolic processes. To function properly, the organelles must move substances across their membranes. Which of the following statements describes a feature shared by mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum that increases the efficiency of their basic functions?

They have highly folded membranes.

A cell is treated with a drug that prevents the formation of new lysosomes. The cell continues to transcribe the genes that code for the hydrolytic enzymes that are normally found in lysosomes and continues to translate the mRNAs for those proteins on membrane-bound ribosomes. The hydrolytic enzymes are most likely to accumulate in which of the following cellular structures?

Golgi complex

Contains hydrolytic enzymes associated with the intracellular digestion of macromolecules

Lysosome

In a mesophyll cell of a leaf, the synthesis of ATP occurs where?

Mitochondria and chloroplasts

Changing the shape or morphology of the mitochondrial inner membrane can change the efficiency of mitochondrial function. Which of the following outcomes will most likely result from a change in the shape of the mitochondrial inner membrane from a highly folded surface to a smooth, flat surface?

Mitochondria will become less efficient because the surface area of the inner mitochondrial membranes will decrease.

ONE ultimate destination of a protein produced on a free ribosome, and ONE general function of the protein (You do not need to identify the specific protein.)

One ultimate destination of a protein produced on a free ribosome is the cytosol, and one general function of the protein is to make microfilaments.

ONE ultimate destination of a protein produced on an attached ribosome, and ONE general function of the protein (You do not need to identify the specific protein.)

One ultimate destination of a protein produced on an attached ribosome is the cell membrane, and one general function of the protein is to be a surface receptor.

Membrane-bound organelles have been an important component in the evolution of complex, multicellular organisms. Which of the following best summarizes an advantage of eukaryotic cells having internal membranes?

Organelles isolate specific reactions, increasing metabolic efficiency.

Cystic fibrosis is a genetic condition that is associated with defects in the CFTR protein. The CFTR protein is a gated ion channel that requires ATP binding in order to allow chloride ions (Cl−) to diffuse across the membrane. Identify the most likely cellular location of the ribosomes that synthesize CFTR protein.

Rough endoplasmic reticulum