Ap bio pretest

Calculate the SA:V Ratio for the 1 cm cube. Record your answer at the bottom of this page.. Surface Area-to-Volume Ratio - Equations Note: Figures representing beet cubes are not drawn to scale. Formulas can be found on AP Formula Sheet

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Muscle cells have high ATP demands. Which of the following is a scientific claim about how the structure of the mitochondria in muscle cells should be different than it is in other cells because of the high energy demands of mitochondria? A. The inner membrane of the mitochondria in muscle cells should have more folds to increase the surface area, allowing more A T P to be synthesized. B. The inner membrane of the mitochondria in muscle cells should be more permeable to large enzymes, allowing the same reactions to occur in both compartments of the mitochondria. C. The outer membrane of the mitochondria in muscle cells should be thicker, allowing more rapid diffusion of molecules into the mitochondria. D. The outer membrane of the mitochondria of muscle cells should have more folds, increasing the surface area for faster diffusion of molecules from the cytoplasm.

A. The inner membrane of the mitochondria in muscle cells should have more folds to increase the surface area, allowing more A T P to be synthesized.

In an experiment, researchers provided a radiolabeled amino acid to living plant cells. After one hour, the researchers determined the amount of the radiolabeled amino acid that was in each of several subcellular compartments. The results of the experiment are represented in the table. Which of the following conclusions about the radiolabeled amino acid is best supported by the results of the experiment? A- It was mostly incorporated into nucleic acids that store the biological informaticin B- It was mostly incorporated into proteins that regulate and manage metabolic reactions C- It was mostly incorporated into lipids that help separate cells from their surrounding environment D- It was mostly incorporated into carbohydrates that for protective structures outside the cells

B- It was mostly incorporated into proteins that regulate and manage metabolic reactions

The figure below illustrates a eukaryotic cell. Which of the following best describes how the three structures indicated by the arrows work together? A- To synthesize lipids and modify toxic substances in order to render them harmless B- To synthesize and isolate proteins for secretion or for use in the cell C- To catabolize nutrients and produce ATP for intracellular energy storage D- To synthesize all ribosomal proteins

B- To synthesize and isolate proteins for secretion or for use in the cell

A student proposes six models of a hypothetical plasma membrane (Figure 1). Describe the model that best represents the structure of a plasma membrane in a nonaqueous environment with a cytosol environment similar to living cells.

E would be the correct model. The hydrophilic head is facing and interacting with the aqueous environment and the hydrophobic tails are facing and interacting with the non aqueous environment.

Hypotonic

Having a lower concentration of solutes when compared to the surrounding medium.

Water Potential

Measure of the relative tendency of water to move from one area to another.

Diffusion

Movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration

Plasmolysis

Process where the cytoplasm pulls away from the cell wall as the cell loses water to osmosis in a hypertonic environment

Osmosis

The diffusion of water from an area of higher concentration to an areal of lower concentration

In a solution, the _________ dissolves the solute.

solvent

All eukaryotic cells contain at least one Golgi complex, typically located in the cytoplasm and near the endoplasmic reticulum. Which of the following best describes a process that occurs within the Golgi complex? A.Enzymatic modification of newly synthesized integral membrane proteins B. Degradation of proteins by hydrolytic enzymes contained within the complex C. Synthesis of cytosolic proteins based on the nucleotide sequences of mRNAs D. Synthesis of various types of lipids

A.Enzymatic modification of newly synthesized integral membrane proteins

Concentration Gradient

The change in the level of a solute in a solution between a region of higher concentration and a region of lower concentration.