AP Bio test 3
Which supports the claim that synthesis of aconitase is controlled by a mechanism similar to ferritin regulation?
The relative amount of aconitase protein increases in the presence of high levels of iron.
Which answer best represents two different signaling pathways sharing a second messenger?
* * 0 (top and bottom are both connected to middle) + -
not a question but "-ASE" = ENZYME
...
(based on graph that relates dietary iron and ferritin abundance - low intracellular iron vs. high intracellular iron) The concentration of iron in the control diet used in the investigation is most likely within which of the following ranges?
35-40 mg/kg
(figure of cube with dimensions 10 mm - height - and 1 mm of space in between large cube and smaller cube that lays inside of large cube) Calculate the volume of the unpenetrated portion of the cube.
512 mm cubed
Data collected from an investigation is observed to be unreliable, which treatment group most likely provided the unreliable estimate of the mean?
A ) Treatment group || : it has a lower than expected mean absorbance and the largest standard error of the mean
Which genetic changes in an individual with no diabetes results in disrupted cellular response to insulin
A ) deletion of the gene incoding
Which of the following statements is true regarding the movement of substances across cell membranes?
A ) ions are UNABLE to move through phospholipid bilayer
Figure 1: Insulin signaling in muscle cells - *diagram* - GLUT4, insulin receptor, glucose. *3 graphs *- figure 2: insulin- stimulated glucose uptake figure 3: Insulin receptor activation figure 4: IRS-1 activation Which explains how type 1 and type 2 diabetes are different?
A ) low levels of glucose indicate mobilization of GLUT4
*diagram* The cells lining respiratory tract of pigs have receptors for both avian and human influenza viruses.... which describes the origin of new strain of human influenza?
A ) the new strain has genetic material of both strains contained in it (the genetic shapes are combined into 1)
The diagram above represents a model of signal transduction pathways in a cell that is targeted by two different hormones (H1 and H2). The components of the signal transduction pathways are identified in the figure legend... based on the model, which of the following mutations is most likely to result in a cell that will generate a cancerous tumor?
A mutation in the gene encoding G-PIP that results in a nonfunctional protein
*pertains to effect of water soluable pollutants on membrane permeability* Which of the following graphs is the most appropriate representation of the experimental data?
A) bar graph)
What is the role of ADH in maintaining blood osmolarity?
ADH promotes an increase in movement of water into the bloodstream
Damaged tissue releases chemicals that activate platelets and stimulate the formation of blood clots. Which of the following prediction about the activity of platelets best describes a positive feedback mechanism?
Activated platelets release chemicals that activate more platelets
A scientist is evaluating a proposal for raising large numbers of fish in ocean pens for human consumption. As part of the evaluation, the scientist is designing a plan for investigating how the fish in the ocean pens might affect nearby ecosystems. Which of the following is the most appropriate factor to use as the dependent variable in the experimental investigation?
Amount of metabolic wastes in the water where the fish are being raised
Which group of cellular components are found in eukaryotic cells but not prokaryotic cells?
An endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, and a nucleus
Based on the ferritin synthesis model, which describes the role of feedback on the control of intracellular iron levels?
An increase in iron levels activates synthesis of ferritin protein. Ferritin protein in turn binds iron, thereby decreasing both free iron levels and ferritin synthesis.
Cell type 1 and cell type 2 are consistent with which data?
Animal cell plasma and plant cell plasma and cell wall (answers are present in a chart)
*illustration of beet root cell* -the effect of acetone on the permeability of cell membranes
B ) Betacynanin molecules are outside of the cell wall, vacuole and plasma membrane have "disappeared"
Which of the following best supports the claim that organisms of different domains share a common ancestor?
B ) Glycolysis occurs in both prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells
Liver cells manufacture glycoproteins, while adipose cells store fat. Which of the following sub-cellular structures is likely to be more prominent in liver cells than in adipose cells
B ) Golgi apparatus
Based on the data from an investigation, what's the best scientific question about organisms living in water that is a polluted environment?
B ) Will organisms living in polluted environments exhibit detrimental effects from an increased permeability of their cellular membranes?
Which most likely causes a defect in muscle cells of patients with type 2 diabetes
C ) IRS- 1 activation.....
*(digram that looks similar to a mitochondria )* represents a rod shaped bacterium. Which beat describes a feature shown in the diagram that is unique to archaea and bacteria
C ) organism does not have a nuclear membrane surrounding its genetic material
(related to a model that shows hormones, calcitonin, and parathyroid hormone - PTH) Which is the most likely effect on calcium homeostasis?
Calcitonin levels will rise, thus promoting the deposit of calcium into bones
Title: Effect of water soluable pollutants on membrane permeability
D (didnt write down the exact answer SORRY)
acteriophages are viruses that infect bacteria. In an experiment, bacteriophages were labeled with either radioactive phosphorus or radioactive sulfur. The labeled bacteriophages were incubated with bacteria for a brief amount of time and then removed. The infected bacteria cells were found to contain significant amounts of radioactive phosphorus but not radioactive sulfur. Based on the results of the experiment, which of the following types of molecules did the bacteriophages most likely inject into the bacteria cells.
DNA
FRQ Glucose and sodium move from the lumen (hollow space) of the small intestine into the blood via transport proteins in the epithelial cells lining the small intestine. describe the direct source of energy used to move glucose into the epithelial cell from the intestinal lumen. Explain how this system maximizes glucose absorption from the intestinal lumen into the epithelial cells and from the epithelial cells into the blood
Description: the direct source of energy used to move glucose is from the sodium gradient.Explain: The Na+/K+ pump maintains sodium concentration gradient and allows for cotransport of glucose.-The folds on the lumen side of the epithelial cell provide more surface area for uptake of glucose into epithelial cell.-Inflow of glucose maintains a glucose concentration gradient between the epithelial cells and the blood, which allows for diffusion of glucose.(THIS MAKES MORE SENSE WITH THE PICTURE)
What is the best direction for a researcher who wants to study impact of abnormally high blood-sugar levels on cellular homeostasis in diabetics?
Does water move from cell into blood vessel more rapidly in diabetic than in nondiabetics when blood-sugar levels are higher than normal?
Epinephrine is a protein hormone found in many animals. It stimulates a signaling pathway that results in the breakdown of glycogen to glucose in the liver cells. Which of the following describes the initial steps in the process where by epinephrine stimulates glycogen breakdown?
Epinephrine binds to a cell-surface receptor; the activates receptor stimulates production of the second messenger cAMP
What is most likely to occur as a result of animal cell initiate apoptosis?
Lysosomes will release digestive enzymes into the cytosol
Which of the following conclusions about dietary iron and ferritin synthesis is best supported by the data in figure 1 (graph of dietary iron and ferritin abundance)?
Maximum activation of ferritin synthesis occurs at dietary iron concentrations of 75 mg/kg or greater
The manner in which several different ions and molecules move through a cell membrane is shown in the diagram below. For each ion or molecule, the relative concentration on each side of the membrane is indicated. Which of the following accurately describes one of the movements taking place?
NA+ transport out of the cell requires ATP hydrolysis
Steroid hormones such as testosterone pass through the plasma membrane and bind to an intracellular protein. Hormone receptor complex enters the nucleus, where it interacts with DNA. Based on this, which of the following will also occur in response to steroid signaling? (Img for this one too)
Production of a specific RNA will increase as a result of binding of the hormone receptor complex to the DNA.
Which best explains how treatment with a drug that stimulates the production of insulin receptors on target cells will affect the insulin signaling pathway in an individual with type 1 diabetes?
The drug will have little to no effect on the signaling pathway because the receptors will not be activated in the absence of insulin.
Which of the following stmts about how honeybees communicate the position of flower patches is most consistent with the model? (sry I don't have plus so I can't add a photo:(
The farther the target flowers from the hive, the longer the waggle phase.
How do small molecules move between adjacent cells in a plant shoot?
The molecules pass freely through plasmodesmata, which are cytoplasmic strands connecting 2 cells
Which best describes the mechanism where iron regulates ferritin production?
Translation occurs under high intracellular iron concentration when the IRP-iron complex dissociates from ferritin mRNA, permitting ribosomes access to the ferritin coding region
Which question is most relevant to the model represented by the figure? (Image is of the cell membrane passing through the integrins and other pathways in the membrane)
Which molecular substance is actively transported across the plasma membrane?
FRQ: (SEE FRQ PICTURE ON DMS WITH HYPOTHETICAL PLASMA MEMBRANES)A student proposes six models of a hypothetical plasma membrane (Figure 1). Identify the model that best represents the plasma membrane of a hypothetical cell that exists in a nonaqueous environment and whose cytosol is similar to that of an animal cell. Provide TWO pieces of reasoning to support your identification.
a, b, and c are eliminated options because the cytosol of an animal cell are aqueous and a, b, and c says they are nonaqueous.d is eliminated because one of the phospholipid layers are found on the inside of the bilayer. Also, the flow of diffusion would be difficult if you added two layers of phospholipid heads to lipid tails and then again.likewise, f is eliminated because the phospholipid heads cannot be found on the inside of the bilayer also because the two hydrophilic heads would repel each other, and also because the one of the lipid tails are facing toward the aqueous cytosol.E in correct because the phospholipid head, which is hydrophilic, faces toward the aq. cytosol and the lipid tails face toward the nonaq. environmentCORRECT ANSWER: E