AP Biology Chapter 3: CELLS

Cellular respiration extracts energy from food and takes place in the organelle called a _

Mitochondria.

What is a network of sacs and tubules extending off the nuclear envelope and is where proteins and lipids are produced?

endoplasmic reticulum

DNA (cell function)

the cell's genetic information

match the numbered arrow with the correct part of the mitochondrion

1- Inner membrane 2- outer membrane 3- DNA within matrix 4- Folds of inner membrane

match each number on the diagram to its correct label

1- Ribsome 2- Cytoplasm 3- Nucleoid region with DNA 4- cell membrane 5- cell wall 6- polysaccharide capsule 7- flagellum

Select all of the following that are true about eukaryotic flagella.

Anchored by basal body Contain Microtubules Prominent in Sperm Cells

The _ is a protein network that occurs within the cytosol, provides support, and helps form _

Cytoskeleton; Cell to cell connections

Select all of the following that are present in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells

DNA Cytoplasm RNA ribosomes

Less surface area relative to volume

Large Cell size Less efficient exchange of materials between cell's interior and exterior

More surface area relative to volume

Small cell size More efficient exchange of materials between cell's interior and exterior

Select the three components of the cell theory devised in the mid-1800s.

The cell is the fundamental unit of all life. All cells originate from preexisting cells. All organisms are made of one or more cells.

All living things consist of one or more

cells

The microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules shown in the picture comprise the _, which is a network of proteins that provide a structural framework within the cell.

cytoskeleton

Plant cells

have a cell wall have chloroplasts

Cytoskeletal components called _ filaments are made of different proteins depending upon the cell type and help to maintain cell shape and bind some cells together.

intermediate.

What type of microscope passes light through a transparent or thinly slice specimen to generate true-color views of cells?

light microscope

Organelles carry out specialized functions in the cell and are enclosed by

membranes

Animal cells

most have lysosomes centrioles present

What molecules are key components of cell membranes and ar arranged in bilayers to form membranes?

phospolipids

A _ is the smallest and most basic unit of life and cant function as one or many working together.

Cell

What plant cells organelles can occupy up to 90% of the cell volume and can exert tugor pressure against the cell membrane when it acquires water?

Central Vacuole

What plant organelle is shown in the image and contains photosynthetic pigments?

Chloroplast

Peroxisomes are organelles that originate at the _ and contain enzymes that dispose of waste and toxic substances.

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Organelles called lysosomes contain _ that break down food particles, old organelles, and other cellular debris.

Enzymes

Key genetic sequences suggest that archaea are more closely related to members of domain _ than they are to members of Domain Bacteria.

Eukarya

Select all of the following that describe electron microscopes

Expensive to build and operate Usually require that specimen to be killed Provide greater magnification than light microscopes Use beam of electrons instead of light

In some types of bacteria, appendages called _ rotate like a propeller and allow movement forward or backward.

Flagella

The _ is a series of flattened sacs that sorts and packages materials into vesicles to be sent to the cell membrane.

Golgi apparatus

The head of a phospholipid is _, meaning its polar covalent bonds attract water, but the tails of a phospholipid are _ and thus are water-insoluble.

Hydrophilic; Hydrophobic

Cell Membrane

Lipid-rich boundary between the cells and outside environment.

Select all of the cell parts that are involved in the endomembrane system.

Lysosomes Golgi apparatus endoplasmic reticulum nuclear envelope vacuoles

Select all of the following that are true about prokaryotes?

Most ancient forms of life on Earth Lack a nucleus Simplest types of life

The area within the cytoplasm of a prokaryotic cell where the circular DNA molecule is found is called the _ and is not bounded by a membrane.

Nucleoid.

What structure is in the red circle in this image of the nucleus?

Nucleolus

In eukaryotic cells, the DNA that codes for the cell's proteins is store in a membrane-bounded organelle called the

Nucleus

Select all of the characteristics of eukaryotic cells.

Nucleus Larger than prokaryotic cells System of internal membranes

Select all of the following that are components of the cytoplasm, outside the nuclear membrane

Organelles Ions and Enzymes Cytoskeleton Cytosol

The cell membrane is composed of a type of lipid molecule called _ , which has two fatty acids and a phosphate group enxtending from a glycerol molecule.

Phospholipid

The molecule shown in the picture is a

Phospholipid

Eukarya

Possible larger cell size, fatty acids in the cell membrane, and nucleus present

What type of cell membrane protein binds molecules on the cell's exterior, which triggers a reaction in the cell's interior?

Receptor Proteins

What cell structure binds to mRNA coming from the nucleus and manufactures proteins?

Ribosome

Proteins to be secreted outside of a eukaryotic cell are formed at ribosomes on the surface of the _ endoplamic reticulum.

Rough

Bacteria

Small cell size, fatty acids in the cell membrane and prokaryotic

Archaea

Small cell size, nonfatty acid lipids in the cell membrane and prokaryotic

What structure is indicated by the arrow in this picture of the endomembrane system and lacks ribosomes covering the exterior?

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Ribosome

Structures that manufacture proteins

Select all the roles that membranes play in cells.

Transport substances into and out of the cell Receive and respond to external stimuli Enclose organelles in eukaryotic cells

Membranous spheres that transport materials inside the cell as part of the endomembrane systems are called

Vesicles

Cytoplasm

all cell contents except the nucleus

Short, numerous, hairlike structures that surround some cells like afri a fringe, are powered by microtubules, and have coordinated movements called

cilia

Some protists, like Paramecium, are able to move through a watery environment with thousands of short extensions on the cell called

cilia

Cells that contain membrane-bounded organelles and a nucleus are called

eukaryotic cells

All cells have a cell _ that surrounds the cytoplasm and forms a boundary between the cell and its environment.

membrane

All cells are surrounded by cell membranes, also called plasma membranes, that separate the cytoplasm from the _

outside environment.