AP Biology --- Chapters 5-7

Function of Golgi Apparatus

*modification *packaging of molecules *synthesis

Which of the following is best observed by using a compound light microscope? (A) A eukaryotic cell (B) A virus (C) A DNA sequence (D) The inner structure of a mitochondrion (E) A nuclear pore

A - A eukaryotic cell

Membranes are components of all of the following EXCEPT a (A) microtubule (B) nucleus (C) Golgi apparatus (D) mitochondrion (E) lysosome

A - microtubule

Which of the following best supports the statement that mitochondria are descendants of endosymbiotic bacteria-like cells? (A) Mitochondria and bacteria possess similar ribosomes and DNA (B) Mitochondria and bacteria possess similar nuclei (C) Glycolosis occurs in both mitochondria and bacteria (D) Both mitochondria and bacteria have microtubules (E) Neither mitochondria nor bacteria possess chloroplasts

A - mitochondria and bacteria possess similar ribosomes and DNA

Which of the following cellular processes is coupled with the hydrolysis of ATP? (A) Facilitated diffusion (B) Active transport (C) Chemiosmosis (D) Osmosis (E) Na⁺ influx into a nerve cell

B

Which of the following organelles modifies and packages for secretion the materials produced by the ribosomes? (A) The chloroplast (B) The Golgi apparatus (C) The nucleus (D) The nucleolus (E) The mitochondrion

B - The Golgi apparatus

Membrane-bound organelles have been an important component in the evolution of complex, multicellular organisms. Which of the following best summarizes an advantage of eukaryotic cells having internal membranes? (A) Eukaryotic cells are able to reproduce faster because of the presence of organelles. (B) Some organelles, such as mitochondria and chloroplasts, are similar to prokaryotic cells in structure. (C) Organelles isolate specific reactions, increasing metabolic efficiency. (D) Compartmentalization leads to a higher mutation rate in DNA, which leads to more new species.

C

Which of the following cells would most likely have the greatest concentration of densely packed rough endoplasmic reticulum? (A) An amoeba engulfing small ciliates (B) A bioluminescent bacterial cell (C) A pancreatic cell engaged in the production of digestive enzymes (D) A functional phloem at maturity (E) An epithelial cell whose DNA is replicating before mitosis

C

Which of the following groups is best characterized as being eukaryotic and heterotrophic and having chitinous cell walls? (A) Plantae (B) Animalia (C) Fungi (D) Virus (E) Monera

C - Fungi

Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells generally have which of the following features in common? (A) A membrane-bound nucleus (B) A cell wall made of cellulose (C) Ribosomes (D) Flagella or cilia that contain microtubules (E) Linear chromosomes made of DNA and protein

C - ribosomes

In a mesophyll cell of a leaf, the synthesis of ATP occurs in which of the following? I. Ribosomes II. Mitochondria III. Chloroplasts (A) I only (B) II only (C) III only (D) II and III only (E) I, II, III

D - II and III only

A student using a light microscope observes a cell and correctly decides that it is a plant cell because (A) ribosomes are visible (B) an endoplasmic reticulum can be seen (C) a cell membrane is present (D) it has a large central vacuole (E) centrioles are present

D - it has a large central vacuole

A biologist isolates numerous tiny, green-pigmented cells from a sample of lake water. The cells are covered with a mucilaginous sheath. They contain relatively large amounts of chlorophyll a and phycobilin pigments and lack a compact, organized nucleus. Electron microscopy will reveal that these cells also contain which of the following pairs of subcellular structures? (A) Ribosomes and chloroplasts (B) Ribosomes and mitochondria (C) Golgi bodies and a cell wall (D) Thylakoids and a cell wall (E) Chloroplasts and mitochondria

D - thylakoids and a cell wall

Which of the following is an example of active transport across a membrane? (A) The movement of water from a nephron into the collecting duct of the kidney (B) The movement of glucose by facilitated diffusion into a liver cell (C) The movement of water from the inside of a cell into a surrounding hypertonic medium (D) The movement of Na⁺ into a neuron as a nerve impulse is generated (E) The movement of H+ into a thylakoid disc during photosynthesis

E