AP Biology Final Review
The lengths of a sample of tiger canines were measured. 68% of the lengths fell within a range between 15 and 45 mm. The mean of the sample was 30 mm. What is the standard deviation of this sample?
15 mm
The rate at which an enzyme catalyzes a reaction is influenced by several chemical and physical factors- including temperature. Which of the following is true regarding the influence of temperature on reaction rates?
As the temperature increases, so does the movement of molecules which increases the rate of reaction.
Why does genetic drift have a greater impact on small populations than large ones?
Due to sampling error, a small population will be greatly effected by a random change in allele frequency
In a normal cellular protein, where would you expect to find a hydrophobic amino acid like valine?
In the interior of the folded protein, away from water, or in a transmembrane portion interacting with lipid fatty acid chains
Lipids form the barriers surrounding various compartments contained in a cell, including the cell membrane. Which property of lipids makes them a good barrier?
Many biologically important molecules and ions are insoluble in lipids
Which of the following factors was most important in the origin of life on Earth?
Natural selection acting on molecules and protobionts
The rock pocket mouse come in 2 color furs, black and tan (depending on where they live). Which of the following statements best explains how these 2 types of mice could have evolved from a common ancestor?
Natural selection favored different fur colors in the different habitats.
How are water molecules charged to a solute molecule?
Positively
If a population is found to be in Hardy-Weinburg equilibrium, which of the following cannot be assumed about the population?
Selective pressures act on unfavorable traits
What influences protein shape which determines protein function?
Sequence of amino acids
Which of the following supports the hypothesis of an "RNA World" on early Earth?
Some RNA molecules are important catalysts in modern cells
Many mammals control their body temperature by sweating. Which property of water is most directly responsible for the ability of sweat to lower body temperature?
The absorption of heat by the formation of hydrogen bonds.
What is meant by the "induced fit" of an enzyme?
The activity site of the enzyme changes its shape slightly as the substrate binds to it.
Which of the following is the best example of natural selection?
The average toxin level in a poisonous frog population increases over time in response to high preditation
Enzymes are protein catalysts responsible for increasing the rate at which biochemical reactions occur in a cell. Which of the following statements best describes how enzymes accomplish this task?
The enzyme decreases the activation energy needed for the chemical reaction to occur.
According to some scientists, what resulted from "primordial soup"?
The evolution of the first protocells from aggregates of inorganic compounds
Which of the following observations best supports the conclusion that dolphins and sharks do not have a recent common ancestor?
The jawbone structure in dolphins is very different from the jawbone structure in sharks
Which of the following statements best explains how natural selection acts to change allele frequencies in a population?
The most fit organisms will leave behind offspring, increasing allele frequency for that trait
Which of the following presents the most likely evolutionary explanation for behavioral adaptation?
The warning bark of prairie dogs changes the behavior of the related prairie dog's nearby, allowing the prairie dog's family to have increased survival and reproductive success.
A plot of reaction rate (velocity) against temperature for an enzyme indicates little activity at 10°C and at 45°C with peak activity at 35°C. The most reasonable explanation for the low velocity at 10°C is
There is too little activation energy available for the reaction to move forward.
Which of the following statements about enzyme inhibitors is true?
When the product of the enzyme or an enzyme sequence acts as its inhibitor, this is known as feedback inhibition
Which of the following best describes the composition of a nucleotide?
a five carbon sugar attached to a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base
Animals that have homologous structures probably
evolved from the same common ancestor
Which of the following choices correctly lists the different steps in biological evolution in correct chronological order?
first photosynthetic bacteria--> first aerobic bacteria--> first eukaryotes--> first multicellular organisms
Farmers artificially combine two plants together,to make it more successful, the farmers were able to artificially select it with such success because the native plant
had a great deal of genetic variation in the original population
Cladograms (a type of phylogenetic tree) constructed from evidence from molecular data are based on similarities in
mutations to homologous genes
Penicillin was uniformly effective in killing the bacteria Staphyloccocus aureus. Today ___________ has led to an increase in antibiotic-resistant alleles, and humans are increasingly at risk from non-treatable Staphyloccocus aureus infections.
natural selection in Staphyloccocus aureus populations
Which of the following best explains moderate costal climates?
the high specific heat of water
One consequence of protein denaturation is
the protein loses functionality