AP Biology - Test Complete Study Guide

What is the pH of blood?

7.4

*REMEMBER* Regarding scientific theory this is false.

A control group is always exposed to the factor being tested.

The genus name for the human beings is . . . (italicized) A. Homo B. sapiens C. Zea D. mays E. Primates

A. Homo

Which of the following does not pertain to hydrogen bonding? A. Hydrogen bonding is only demonstrated by water molecules B. Hydrogen bonds are easily broken C. Hydrogen bonding can occur between different molecules or within the same molecule. D. Most hydrogen bonds involve hydrogen and oxygen or nitrogen E. The proper structure of a molecule can be due to hydrogen bonding

A. Hydrogen bonding is only demonstrated by water molecules.

Corn belongs to the kingdom A. Plantae B. Animalia C. Fungi D. Protista E. Monera

A. Plantae

The layer where organisms can exist on the surface of the earth is the A. biosphere B. ecosystem C. population D. homeostasis E. community

A. biosphere

The smallest unit that has all of the characteristics of life is the A. cell B. tissue C. organ D. organ system E. organism

A. cell

The atomic mass of an atom A. depends on subatomic particles such as protons and neutrons B. equals the number of protons plus the number of electrons C. equals the number of neutrons D. changes after each reaction E. depends on the number of electrons in the outer shell

A. depends on subatomic particles such as protons and neutrons

The three domains of organisms are based mainly on A. differences in structural complexity. B. differences in metabolic complexity. C. presence or absence of photosynthetic pigments. D. size E. DNA, RNA, or protein replication mechanisms.

A. differences in structural complexity

A possible explanation for a natural event, based on observations and past knowledge is a A. hypothesis B. phenomenon C. control D. variable E. theory

A. hypothesis

A fossil was once a living organism but its tissues have now been replaced by minerals and it no longer exhibits most properties of life, except for A. organization B. homeostasis C. growth and reproduction D. response to stimuli E. metabolism

A. organization

Which classification category contains the most closely related organisms? A. species B. genus C. family D. phylum E. kingdom

A. species

Isotopes of a given element have A. the same number of protons but differ in atomic mass B. the same atomic mass but different number of protons C. different number of electrons D. the same number of protons and atomic mass E. the same number of neutrons

A. the same number of protons but differ in atomic mass.

Polar covalent bonds result from A. unequal sharing of electrons in a covalent bond B. equal sharing of electrons in a covalent bond C. equal sharing of electrons in an ionic bond D. unequal sharing of electrons in an ionic bond E. hydrogen bonding between molecules

A. unequal sharing of electrons in a covalent bond

The bones in a bird are hollow to reduce the weight when flying. This is an example of what?

Adaptation

What are the 3 major domains of life?

Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukaria

Regarding the scientific method, which statement is false? A. Results of the experiment are reported in scientific journals. B. Hypotheses are finally proven as absolutely true or false. C. The control is not subjected to the experimental variable. D. Statistical tests may be used to analyze the results of the experiment. E. Results of the experiment are often summarized in a graph or table.

B. Hypotheses are finally proven as absolutely true or false.

The body temperature in humans is maintained around 37 degrees Celsius. Which characteristics of life does this statement present? A. Living things acquire materials and energy from the environment. B. Living things are homeostatic. C. Living things are adapted. D. Living things grow and develop. E. Living things respond to stimuli.

B. Living things are homeostatic.

The class to which human beings belong is A. Animalia B. Mammalia C. Primates D. Homindae E. Homo

B. Mammalia

All populations in one natural setting plus their physical environment constitutes a(n) A. biosphere B. ecosystem C. population D. habitat E. cohort

B. ecosystem

Buffers A. can be acids or bases B. keep the pH within normal limits C. are monomers of a polymer D. are polymers of a monomer E. are dipeptide molecules

B. keep the pH within normal limits

The decay of 14^6C to 12^6C involves the A. loss of electrons B. loss of neutrons C. loss of neutrons and protons D. loss of protons E. loss of electrons and neutrons

B. loss of neutrons

Potassium hydroxide almost completely dissociates into K^+ + OH- and is therefore a(n) A. strong acid B. strong base C. litmus test agent D. covalent reaction E. isotope

B. strong base

If the atomic number is 15, then A. the atomic weight must be 15. B. the atom has 15 electrons C. there are 7 electrons in the outermost shell D. the atom has 15 neutrons

B. the atom has 15 electrons

The lower the pH A. the lower the hydrogen ion concentration B. the more acidic the solution C. the higher the pH number D. the greater the hydroxide ion concentration E. the closer the hydroxide ion becomes to equaling the hydrogen ion concentration

B. the more acidic the solution

Which of the following molecules is NOT a compound? A. H2O B. HCl C. H2 D. C6H12O6 E. NaOH

C. H2

"Like begets like", i.e., life come only from life, is an example of which characteristic of life? A. Living things grow and develop. B. Living things utilize materials and energy from the environment. C. Living things reproduce. D. Living things are adapted. E. Living things are homeostatic.

C. Living things reproduce.

Regarding the scientific method, which statement is false? A. A theory repeatedly supported is sometimes called a law. B. Consistent observations about a hypothesis may lead to a theory. C. Theories formed in everyday life carry the same validity as a scientific theory. D. Only one experimental variable is used in an experiment. E. Published research should provide enough detail to allow anyone to repeat the experiment in the same manner.

C. Theories formed in everyday life carry the same validity as a scientific theory.

A covalent bond is A. an example of a bond that results in ionic compounds B. the transfer of electrons from one atom to another C. a sharing of electrons between two atoms D. an attraction of charged atoms E. a sharing of protons between two atoms

C. a sharing of electrons between two atoms

Organic molecules A. always contain carbon B. always contain hydrogen C. always contain carbon and hydrogen D. are found only in organisms, hence their name E. are always food molecules

C. always contain carbon and hydrogen

A calorie is a measurement of the A. percent of fat in food B. percent of sugar in food C. amount of heat energy produced when food is burned and raises the temp of one gram of water 1 degree Celsius D. amount of cell tissue you add when you eat food E. molecular portion of the dry weight of food

C. amount of heat energy produced when food is burned and raises the temp of one gram of water 1 degree Celsius.

Which of the following is not one of the six basic elements of living organisms? A. nitrogen B. oxygen C. chlorine D. hydrogen E. sulfur

C. chlorine

Which system of the human body help to maintain homeostasis by providing nutrient molecules? A. cardiovascular system B. nervous system C. digestive system D. endocrine system E. urinary system

C. digestive system

Which level of biological organization is composed of tissues? A. organism B. organ system C. organ D. cell E. molecules

C. organ

All members of one species within a particular area form a A. biosphere B. ecosystem C. population D. nation E. country

C. population

Which sequence of classification categories is in the proper order? A. genus, class, kingdom, order, phylum, species, family B. class, genus, family, species, order, phylum, kingdom C. species, genus, family, order, class, phylum, kingdom D. genus, species, order, class, family, kingdom, phylum E. species, genus, family, class, order, phylum, kingdom

C. species, genus, family, order, class, phylum, kingdom

The chemical reactivity of an atom is dependent on A. the number of protons B. the arrangement of neutrons C. the number of electrons in the outer shell D. the number of protons and neutrons E. the number of electrons in the inner shell

C. the number of electrons in the outer shell

What is the smallest unit of life?

Cell

What is the correct sequence of biological organization?

Cell, Tissue, Organ, Organ System, Organism

U unity of life D diversity of life Fungi absorb food; plants carry out photosynthesis

D

U unity of life D diversity of life Maple trees have broad, flat leaves, and pine trees have needlelike leaves

D

An atom whose atomic number is 12 has how many electrons in the outermost shell? A. 1 B. 10 C. 8 D. 2 E. 12

D. 2

The pH of the blood is slightly basic. Which of the following would therefore be an expected pH for blood? A. 6.4 B. 4.6 C. 4.7 D. 7.4 E. 13.8

D. 7.4

The isotope 14^6C has A. 14 electrons B. 6 neutrons C. 8 protons D. 8 neutrons E. 8 electrons

D. 8 neutrons

What is the correct format for the binomial name of human beings? (italicized) A. Homo Sapiens B. homo Sapiens C. homo sapiens D. Homo sapiens E. Sapiens homo

D. Homo sapiens

Organs are composed of tissues, which are composed of cells. This is an example of which characteristic of life? A. Living things grow and develop. B. Living things respond to stimuli. C. Living things maintain themselves by homeostasis. D. Living things have levels of hierarchical organization. E. Living things are adapted to the environment.

D. Living things have levels of hierarchical organization.

Which of the following is not of primary importance concerning preservation of ecosystems? A. Ecosystems preservation maintains the status of species in their current state without evolving. B. Many differing organisms perform services that ensure our continued existence. C. Humans derive medicines, food and many important materials from functioning ecosystems. D. Preservation of ecosystems allows humans to exploit as many resources as possible. E. It is estimated that possibly 400 species become extinct each day due to activities of humans.

D. Preservation of ecosystems allows humans to exploit as many resources as possible.

The order to which human beings belong is A. Animalia B. Chordata C. Mammalia D. Primates E. Homindae

D. Primates

Which of the following statements is NOT true of chemical bonds? A. Both types of chemical bonds involve electrons in the outer shell. B. Covalent bonds share electrons between two atoms. C. An atom involved in an ionic bond has an unequal number of electrons and protons. D. Salts and other important ionic molecules of the body are covalently bonded. E. Water (H2O) has covalent bonds.

D. Salts and other important ionic molecules of the body are covalently bonded.

Since pure water is neutral, it contains A. no hydrogen ions B. no hydroxide ions C. neither hydrogen nor hydroxide ions D. an equal number of hydrogen and hydroxide ions E. seven times more hydrogen than hydroxide ions, hence a pH of 7.

D. an equal number of hydrogen and hydroxide ions

The three major domains of life are A. plants, animals, and protists. B. bacteria, fungi, and eukaryotes. C. eukaryotes, prokaryotes, and viruses. D. archaea, bacteria, and eukaryotes. E. eukaryotes, prokaryotes, and fungi.

D. archaea, bacteria, and eukaryotes.

Which of the following is the correct order of levels of organization from small to large? A. cell-organ-tissue-organ system-population-community-ecosystem B. cell-tissue-organ system-organ-population-community-ecosystem C. cell-tissue-organ-organ system-community-population-ecosystem D. cell-tissue-organ-organ system-population-community-ecosystem E. cell-tissue-organ system-organ-community-population-ecosystem

D. cell-tissue-organ-organ system-population-community-ecosystem

The application of scientific knowledge for practical purposes is called A. pure science B. applied science C. theory D. technology E. bioethics

D. technology

The term "biodiversity" refers to A. a study of ecosystems without consideration of the living organisms. B. the similarities between species. C. the rate of extinction of species due to human activities. D. the total number of species, variation of species and the ecosystems in which they live. E. the study of food chains within an ecosystem.

D. the total number of species, variation of species and the ecosystems in which they live.

Which sequence correctly lists the different levels of biological organization? A. cells-organs-tissues-organ systems-organism B. cells-tissues-organ systems-organs-organism C. tissues-cells-organs-organ systems-organism D. tissues-organs-organ systems-organisms-cells E. cells-tissues-organs-organ systems-organisms

E. cells-tissues-organs-organ systems-organisms

When an ionic bond forms, electrons are A. lost B. gained C. shared D. totally lost from the paired atoms E. either lost or gained

E. either lost or gained

The fluidity of water is due to A. ionic bonding of the water molecule B. covalent bonding in the water molecule C. covalent bonding between water molecules D. hydrogen bonding in the water molecule E. hydrogen bonding between water molecules

E. hydrogen bonding between water molecules

The formula, Ca++Cl-2 indicates A. a covalent compound B. that chlorine has lost electrons C. that calcium has two electrons in its inner shell D. that calcium has gained two electrons E. that calcium has lost two electrons

E. that calcium has lost two electrons

The present rate of extinction is normal and about the same as at any other time in the history of Earth

False

True or False Rain forests play no protective role in the biosphere, and their destruction is little to humans.

False

What is the correct sequence of classification?

Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species

A flounder is a flattened fish that lives on the bottom of bodies of water, while a tuna is a streamline and swims in the open sea.

Living things adapt to the environment

The body temperature of humans is maintained around 30 degrees Celsius. Which characteristic of life does this demonstrate?

Living things are homeostatic

All living things are composed of cells

Living things are organized

Frogs have a life cycle that includes an egg, a larva (tadpole) that undergoes the process of metamorphosis and an adult.

Living things grow and develop

Humans immediately remove their hands from a hot object

Living things respond to stimuli

Most cells use the sugar glucose as an energy source

Living things take materials and energy from the environment

Which class does humans belong in?

Mammalia

List the levels of biological organization in order, from smallest to largest

Molecule, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism, population, community, ecosystem

Corn belongs to which kingdom?

Plantae

The atomic mass of an atom depends on what?

Protons and neutrons (subatomic particles)

What is the ultimate source of energy for a food chain?

Sun

What is a calorie?

The amount of heat energy produced when food is burned and raises the temperature of 1 gram of water 1 degree Celsius.

Biodiversity refers to what?

The total number of species, the variation of species, and ecosystems in which the species live.

True or False As more ecosystems are converted to towns and cities, fewer or the natural cycles are able to function adequately.

True

U unity of life D diversity of life Homeostasis, metabolism, and evolution are characteristics of living things

U

U unity of life D diversity of life Life began with single cells

U

U unity of life D diversity of life Living things consist of cells

U

Name the kingdom described in the following statement multicellular; ingest food

animalia

How do producers interact with the biotic environment?

are eaten and supply energy to consumers

Name the domain occupied by the following bacteria

bacteria

Name the domain occupied by the following unicellular prokaryotes

bacteria and archaea

Which step of the scientific method does this demonstrate? Survival of striped bass requires free migration of fish upriver to spawn.

conclusion

What type of population in a food chain processes organic remains and returns inorganic nutrients to the ecosystem?

decomposers

Different groups of organisms interact with the environment at the level of the ______.

ecosystem

Name the domain occupied by the following fungi

ekaria

Name the domain occupied by the following animals

eukaria

Name the domain occupied by the following plants

eukaria

Which step of the scientific method does this demonstrate? A fish ladder is built along the dam. Scientists observe that the ladder helps striped bass clear the dam and spawn upriver.

experiment/observations

Name the kingdom described in the following statement absorb food; includes molds and mushrooms

fungi

Which step of the scientific method does this demonstrate? Most likely, the dam is blocking the migration and spawning of striped bass.

hypothesis

Homeostasis refers to keeping ________ relatively stable, such as body _______.

internal conditions, temperature

Which step of the scientific method does this demonstrate? Construction of the fish ladder improves fishing. More fish are caught the following year, and studies show that the number of striped bass is increasing.

observation

Which step of the scientific method does this demonstrate? To spawn, striped bass migrate up a major river. In 1991, a dam was built on this river. Fishers report catching fewer striped bass in the river in 1993.

observation

What are the steps in the scientific method

observation, hypothesis, experiment/observations, conclusion, theory

Name the kingdom described in the following statement photosynthesize food; includes ferns

plantae

Which type of population in a food chain does every other population rely upon?

producer

Name the kingdom described in the following statement includes protozoans and algae

protista

List the levels of classification in order, from smallest (most exact) to largest (most general)

species, genus, family, order, class, phylum, kingdom, domain

How do producers interact with the abiotic environment?

use solar energy and inorganic nutrients