AP Chapter 3: Migration
Describe interregional migration in Canada, China, and Brazil.
Canada: Like the US, Canada has had significant interregional migration from east to west for more than a century. China: People emigrate from rural areas in the interior of the country to large urban areas in search of jobs. The government discourages interregional migration. Brasil: Most people live in a string of cities along the Atlantic coast. But, many people are beginning to move toward the capital of Brazil, Brasilia, which is in the center of the country, in search of jobs. The government encourages this kind of migration.
Europe
During the first era of immigration to the United States, where did most migrants emigrate from?
Germany
During the second era of immigration to the United States, where did most migrants emigrate from?
Summarize the flows of migrant workers in Europe and Asia.
Europe: Immigrants take low-status and low-skill jobs, that Europeans rejects, and are low paid by European standards but make much more than they would at home. Asia: China's booming economy attracts immigrants from neighboring Asian countries. In Southwest Asia, wealthy, oil producing countries have been major destinations for migrants from poorer countries in that region.
Identify the types of immigrants who are given preference to enter the United States.
Family reunification, skilled workers and those who diversify.
Provide examples of political, environmental, and economic push and pull factors.
Political: Slavery was once an important political push factor. Forced political migrations now occurs because of political conflict. Environmental: People are pushed toward physically attractive regions and pushed away from hazardous ones. Attractive environments include mountains, seasides, and warm climates. EIther too much water or not enough poses the most common environmental threat. Economic: Most people migrate for economic reasons. They come from places that have few job opportunities to places where jobs seem to be available.
Explain differences among the three forms of intraregional migrations.
Rural to Urban: Migrants are pushed by declining opportunities and are pulled by economic advancement. Urban to Suburban: People are pulled by the suburban lifestyle. Most common intraregional migration in MDCs. Urban to Rural: Becoming increasingly common in MDCs. People are lured by the prospect of swapping busy city life for a more slow lifestyle.
Describe interregional migration in Russia.
Russia's populations is highly clustered in the western potion of the country, despite the more uninhabited regions having more natural resources. Soviet policy encouraged factory construction, and had to force workers to migrate to the far off regions. Many of those who were moved eventually moved to different regions later on.
Describe the population characteristics of unauthorized immigrants to the United States. (Source Country, Children, Years in the US, Labor force, Distribution)
Source Country: 58% from Mexico then the rest are split evenly between other Latin American countries and other regions of the world. Children: About 1 million children, while 4.5 millions children are had by unauthorized immigrants every year. Years in the US: 35% of adults for more than 15 years. Labor force: 8 million are employed (5% of labor force in US) and mostly in jobs that average Americans don't want to do. Distribution: California and Texas have the highest number. Nevada has the highest percentage.
Ravenstein
What geographer described the patterns of distance that can be discerned as "laws" of migration?
Attractiveness of suburban lifestyle
What is the main reason for large-scale migration to the suburbs in developed countries? Availability of affordable older homes in the central city None of the listed responses is correct. Decline in family farms Availability of factory jobs Attractiveness of suburban lifestyle
Mobility
What term describes the general types of movement from one place to another?
Migrants usually relocate short distances within the same country.
Which of the following statements best summarizes the "laws" of migration relating to distance traveled? Migrants usually relocate short distances within the same country. Migrants usually relocate short distances, but across country borders. Typically migrants relocate long distances away, where they will remain permanently. Typically, migrants relocate short distances away, where they only remain temporarily.
Interior areas have net in-migration
Which of the following statements regarding interregional migration in Brazil is correct? Coastal areas have net in-migration. Brazil's government moved the capital from Rio de Janeiro to Sao Paulo, spurring migration. Coastal migration is rapidly increasing. Interior areas have net in-migration. Migrants in Brazil are primarily driven by environmental concerns.
Net migration between pairs of regions is minimal.
Which of the following statements regarding present-day interregional migration in the United States is correct? Most interregional migration now occurs from the West to the Northeast. Interregional migration because of job opportunities is becoming more common. Interregional migration has occurred more rapidly in recent years. None of the listed responses is correct. Net migration between pairs of regions is minimal.
Natural Resources
Which of the following was a primary factor driving the Soviet Union's desire to develop Russia's Far North? Natural resources Population pressures in cities Desire to build railways Climate Desire to decentralize industry
Economic advancement
Why do most people move from rural to urban areas?
mobility
all types of movement from one location to another -travel -walking https://farm3.staticflickr.com/2270/2241913942_54b72f2440_m.jpg
intervening obstacle
an environmental or cultural feature of the landscape that hinders migration -Mountain range -Oceans https://farm7.staticflickr.com/6055/6265818400_883d616198_m.jpg
migration transition
change in the migration pattern in a society that results from industrialization, population growth, and other social and economic changes that also produce the demographic transition -Industrial Revolution -Agricultural Revolution https://farm4.staticflickr.com/3264/2536718237_7d5cc9a124_m.jpg
push factor
factors that induce people to leave old residences -weather -busy lifestyle (city) https://farm1.staticflickr.com/52/125496510_eab28d8e9c_m.jpg
pull factor
factors that induce people to move to a new location -weather -retirement https://farm7.staticflickr.com/6223/6225535459_e4daa7c202_m.jpg
migration
form of relocation diffusion involving permanent move to a new location -Moving -Pilgrimages https://farm6.staticflickr.com/5172/5593491462_8b697cb2a0_m.jpg
quotas
in reference to migration, a law that place maximum limits on the number of people who can immigrate to a country each year -Number of immigrants allowed -legal number of immigrants yearly https://farm9.staticflickr.com/8383/8461318831_cc851c1417_m.jpg
brain drain
large-scale emigration by talented people -people leaving Japan for U.S. -inventors leaving Canada https://farm5.staticflickr.com/4098/4823297050_aed2bd69b9_m.jpg
emigration
migration from a location -Leaving European countries for U.S. -Leaving U.S. for Emirateshttps://farm4.staticflickr.com/3255/2686944031_0d992dcec8_m.jpg
chain migration
migration of people to a specific location because relatives or members of the same nationality previously migrated there -families moving from Emirates to U.S. -India and Pakistan migrationshttps://farm9.staticflickr.com/8404/8852145731_bc0bc68e64_m.jpg
immigration
migration to a new location -Moving across international borders -Pilgrimages https://farm4.staticflickr.com/3667/10709248715_28db13d3f0_m.jpg
counterurbanization
net migration from urban to rural areas in more developed countries -Industrial Revolution -City deveopmenthttps://farm8.staticflickr.com/7106/8157423217_a5c07a1ae9_m.jpg
refugees
people who are forced to migrate from their home country and cannot return for fear of persecution because of their race, religion, nationality, membership in a social group, or political opinion -Religious movement -Racial movement https://farm3.staticflickr.com/2806/9377516708_5cac7a5b3c_m.jpg
unauthorized immigrants
people who enter a country without proper documents -Illegal immigrants -Crossing international borders w/o papers https://farm1.staticflickr.com/116/316950686_0e4607e42d_m.jpg
forced migration
permanent movement compelled usually by cultural factors -Partition of India and Pakistan -Pilgrims https://farm7.staticflickr.com/6136/6014489373_c16a1488ea_m.jpg
international migration
permanent movement from one country to another -People moving from Dubai to NY -Moving from India to U.S. https://farm8.staticflickr.com/7452/10126485555_97db1bdbe4_m.jpg
interregional migration
permanent movement from one region of a country to another -Moving from north to south -Moving from East Coast to West Coast https://farm6.staticflickr.com/5305/5587074638_8fe1ea4af4_m.jpg
voluntary migration
permanent movement undertaken by choice -Moving for job -Moving for college https://farm3.staticflickr.com/2355/2303017206_df6a1901dd_m.jpg
internal migration
permanent movement within a particular country -New jobs cause people to move to NY -Gold Rush https://farm7.staticflickr.com/6167/6205586718_dcafc7df75_m.jpg
intraregional migration
permanent movement within one region of a country -moving from NC to SC -moving from SoHo to Manhattan https://farm6.staticflickr.com/5121/5346369887_9c7788ae59_m.jpg
circulation
short-term, repetitive, or cyclical movements that recur on a regular basis -population emigration -technological revolutions https://farm8.staticflickr.com/7324/8798184300_956d7555cd_m.jpg
internally displaced person (IDP)
someone forced to migrate as a refugee would but does not cross international borders -Audit by bank -Outsourcing https://farm8.staticflickr.com/7418/11027500803_b1a35c1056_m.jpg
asylum seeker
someone who has migrated to another country in hope of being recognized as refugee -illegal immigrant during war -going to countryside during WWII https://farm4.staticflickr.com/3718/9377515138_892d7834af_m.jpg
floodplain
the area subject to flooding during a given number of years according to historical trends -Nile -Delta valleys https://farm6.staticflickr.com/5488/10540914803_80319339c2_m.jpg
net migration
the difference between the level of immigration and the level of emigration -immigrants vs emigrants -People leaving/ entering U.S. https://farm9.staticflickr.com/8372/8588280023_3e28152691_m.jpg
guest workers
workers who migrate to the more developed countries of Northern and Western Europe, usually from Southern and Eastern Europe or from North Africa, in search of higher-paying jobs -African emigrants -Southerns Europeans move to N. Euro https://farm4.staticflickr.com/3172/2571547320_1526fa28e4_m.jpg
Describe characteristics of immigrants to the United States.
Most immigrants used to be male (55%), but in the early-21st century, that changed to women (55%). Also, young adults are most likely to move to a new country.
Describe the history of interregional migration in the United States.
1790: Hugging the coast. Most Americans lived on the east coast because of their dependance on shipping link with Europe. 1800-1840: Crossing the Appalachians. Transportation improvements helped Americans cross the Appalachians. 1850-1890: Rushing to the gold. American avoided the Great Plains because of the hard-to-cultivate land and went strait to California for the gold. 1900-1940: Filling in the Great Plains. Improvements in technology and the expansion of railroads helped populate the Great Plains. 1950-2010: Moving south. Americans migrated to the South for job opportunities and warmer climates.
Identify the principal sources of immigrants during the three main eras of U.S. immigration
17th and 18th Centuries: Most immigrants came from Europe, mainly England, and Sub-Saharan Africa. Mid-19th to Early 20th Centuries: Most immigrants came from Ireland, Germany, Scandinavia, and Southern and Eastern Europe. Late 20th to Early 21st Centuries: Most immigrants came from Asia and Latin America.
International migration
A permanent move from one country to another is considered
Compare American and European attitudes toward immigrants.
Americans are more concernced with illegal immigration while Europeans are more concerned with cultural diversity.
East to west
In which of the following directions is most Canadian interregional migration occurring? West to south East to north North to south East to west West to east
Describe the differences between international and internal migration.
International migration is a permanent move from one country to another. This includes voluntary and forced migration. Generally, people from developing countries migrate to developed countries. Internal migration is a permanent move within the same country. This includes interregional migration, the movement from one region of a country to another, and intraregional migration, the movement within one region.