AP Classroom APES unit 6

The greatest amount of fresh water is found in which of the following?

Polar ice caps and glaciers

An integrated pest-management approach to pest control emphasizes which of the following?

Reduction of crop damage to an economically tolerable level

Overgrazing of grasslands can lead to reduced range quality. Two of the major effects of overgrazing are

erosion and desertification

A state highway was constructed over wetlands. The state obtained a permit to fill the existing wetlands in accordance with the provisions of the Clean Water Act in 1972, and agreed to create another wetland. This trade-off approach to addressing an environmental issue is known as

mitigation

Which of the following is likely to minimize soil erosion?

no-till agriculture

Approximately what percent of the water on Earth is freshwater (liquid and solid)?

2.5%

Which of the following is a greenhouse gas that is produced by domestic livestock?

CH4/methane

The presence of fecal coliform bacteria in a sample of river water suggests which of the following?

The water is contaminated with animal waste

Which of the following methods of agricultural irrigation results in the loss of the least amount of water by evaporation?

drop irrigation

A sustainable society would emphasize

using energy efficiently and reusing and recycling matter

Which of the following procedures would be best for remediating the effects of soil salinization?

Addition of large amounts of water to leach out salts

Which of the following is most likely to result from destruction of wetlands surrounding a river?

An increased frequency of flooding of the river valley

At the current rate of growth, Earth's human population will double in about 50 years. Which of the following is the LEAST viable strategy for ensuring adequate nutrition for a population of this size?

Doubling the area of arable land on a global basis

Which of the following statements about genetic diversity is true?

Genetic resistance to pests and diseases can be increased by crossing a crop plant with ancestral varieties.

Reasons that human populations historically have settled in floodplains include which of the following? The soil in floodplains is usually fertile. The terrain in floodplains tend to be flat. Floodplains are close to rivers for transportation.

I, II, and III

Which of the following is a common characteristic of lakes undergoing cultural eutrophication?

Increased levels of plant nutrients

Which of the following is the usual cause of cultural eutrophication in surface waters of both developed and developing countries?

Runoff of nitrate compounds into bodies of water

Which of the following describes a fundamental characteristic of the green revolution in food resources?

The development of new strains of crops with higher yields

Which of the following best explains why the maximum sustainable yield for ocean fisheries has been exceeded?

Too many fish of reproductive age are harvested.

The land on a 100-acre farm is equally suited for grazing cattle and growing corn. Of the following ways of distributing land use, which would produce the greatest number of calories of human consumption?

acres for cattle: 0 acres for corn: 100

(A) Australia (B) Brazil (C) Chile (D) Russia (E) United States of America Country with the greatest percentage of land area affected by desertification

australia

Compared with people in developing countries, people in industrialized countries are more likely to eat

beef

(A) Photosynthesis (B) Eutrophication (C) Denitrification (D) Decomposition (E) Transpiration The rapid rate of this process in tropical forests results in low-nutrient soils

decomposition

If wastewater treatment plant effluent that contains nitrates and phosphates is allowed to flow into a body of water, which of the following may result?

eutrophication

The presence of high levels of fecal coliform bacteria in a water source indicates that the water

has been contaminated by untreated human or animal waste

Factors contributing to the rise in world hunger include all of the following EXCEPT

increasing consumption of vegetable protein in place of meat protein

Lakes that are characterized by high water clarity and low concentrations of dissolved nutrients are classified as

oligotrophic

The major cause for the decline in the worldwide catch of fish since 1990 is

overfishing

When a rain forest is slashed and burned, the local concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere increases. This is primarily due to

oxidation of carbon compounds

The water-holding capacity of soil is LEAST likely to be affected by the addition of which of the following?

pesticide

Which of the following will result in accelerated eutrophication when introduced into streams, lakes, and bays?

phosphates

Which of the following is most likely to increase both the nutrient levels and the bacterial content of lake water?

runoff from a nearby hog farm

Of the following, which has the greatest permeability?

sand

Which soil indicated on the soil triangle above would most likely have the highest water-holding capacity?

soil C

An insect population in an agricultural field is affected by monthly applications of a pesticide, as shown in the graph above. A likely cause of the overall increase in the insect population over time is

the survival of increasing numbers of resistant insects

The process in the hydrologic cycle in which water vapor is released from leaves into the atmosphere is called

transpiration