AP Environmental Science Final
Which of the following describes the most likely change to terrestrial biomes resulting from warmer average global temperatures? -The global distribution of midlatitude biomes, such as grasslands and temperate rain forests, would increase. -Deciduous trees found in temperate seasonal forests would flower later in the year. -The latitude range of tropical rain forests would narrow closer to the equator. -High-latitude biomes, such as the tundra, would experience a decrease in net primary productivity.
-The global distribution of midlatitude biomes, such as grasslands and temperate rain forests, would increase.
If primary producers store 10,000 kcal of energy, tertiary consumers will have ___ kcal available.
10
The demographic transition model describes population change over time as a country becomes more developed. Age-structure diagrams describe how populations are distributed across age ranges. Which of the following age-structure diagrams best displays the age ranges in a country that is in stage 2 of the demographic transition?
An expansive pyramid age-structure diagram
Based on current trends and patterns, which of the following statements best predicts how the human population will change over the next 50 years?
As the population density increases, there will be an increase in disease transmission, leading to increased mortality.
A team of ecologists are studying four different ecosystems with varying levels of biodiversity. The ecologists categorize the different levels of biodiversity for the four ecosystems as shown in the table below. Based on the information above, which ecosystem most likely experienced a recent population bottleneck?
Ecosystem A, because its low genetic diversity could have resulted from an event that reduced the variation in the gene pool.
A team of ecologists are studying four different ecosystems with varying levels of biodiversity. The ecologists categorize the different levels of biodiversity for the four ecosystems as shown in the table below. Based on the information above, which of the following best describes Ecosystem C?
Its low habitat diversity indicates that Ecosystem C most likely has a low number of specialist species and few species that utilize large territories.
"Reef fish inherit tolerance to warming oceans: Thanks to mom and dad, baby reef fish may have to what it takes to adjust to hotter oceans," Ryu Taewoo, ScienceDaily, April 30, 2018. Which of the following best identifies the author's claim?
Observed adjustments in the ecological tolerance of a species of reef fish is a result of epigenetic changes.
Scientists collected data for 35 years on the populations of owls and mice in a given area. Which of the following claims is best supported by the data shown in the table above?
The owl population experienced population overshoot between 1995 and 2000 because of increased competition for resources.
Six white-tailed deer and six sika deer were enclosed in a pasture for observation during an eight-year study in central Texas. White-tailed deer are a native species to central Texas, while sika deer are a nonnative species to central Texas. White-tailed deer feed on flowering plants and the tips of trees and shrubs but do not eat grass. Sika deer feed on flowering plants, the tips of trees and shrubs, and grass. All other grazing animals were kept out of the pasture during the study. The number of sika deer more than doubled after the eight years, while the population of white-tailed deer decreased by 50 percent. Which of the following statements best supports the results from the study?
The sika deer out competed the white-tailed deer in consuming flowering plants and shrubs.
Which of the following best describes the change in Antarctic temperature from about 440,00 years ago to about 340,000 years ago?
The temperature increases by about 12°C and then decreases by about 12°C
Farmers in a suburban coastal town started using no-till agriculture, a practice that reduces soil erosion from their farmland. Use the image above to determine which of the following long-term effects no-till agriculture will have on the ecosystem surrounding the farmland. (picture on answer)
There will be less algal growth in the nearby ocean.
Which of the following density-independent factors can affect the size of a human population?
heat waves
Based on the graph above, which of the following tree species would be the predominant species found during the intermediate stage of succession? (picture on answer)
tulip poplar
Which box represents a carbon sink that holds carbon compounds for the shortest period of time?
vegetation (will always be this)
Which of the following years, post disturbance, had the greatest species richness? (picture on answer)
100
Based on the data in the graph, when did more-developed regions first reach replacement level fertility? (graph appears to touch 2.1 at 1970)
1970
A temperate grassland biome has a GPP of 3,480 kcal/m2/year and an NPP of 2,000 kcal/m2/year. What is the approx. number of kcal/m2/year available to herbivores in that biome?
200