AP Euro Chapter 17 Multiple Choice

A striking feature of the salons was that

philosophes, nobles, and members of the upper middle class intermingled.

The concept of the reading revolution refers to the

shift from reading aloud texts perceived as authoritative to reading many different texts rapidly, silently, and individually.

What was the primary goal of Galileo's experimental method?

To discover what did occur in nature rather than to speculate on what should occur

The most influential aspect of René Descartes' theories of nature was that

the universe functioned in a mechanistic fashion.

What core concept of the Enlightenment was the most important and original?

The methods of natural science should be used to examine all aspects of life.

How did the scientific revolution affect the economy in the seventeenth century?

The new science had few practical economic applications.

Madame du Châtelet

believed that women's limited contribution to science was the result of unequal education.

The enlightened policies of Frederick II of Prussia included all of the following except

freeing the Prussian serfs.

The discipline of natural philosophy focused on

fundamental questions about the nature, purpose, and function of the universe.

Copernicus's theory of the universe

postulated a sun-centered view of the universe.

To improve the rural economy and the lives of peasants, Empress Maria Theresa

reduced nobles' power over their serfs.

Joseph II's conversion of labor obligations to cash payments

was opposed by both nobles and peasants.

All of the following correctly characterize the role of women in the new science except

women were forbidden from publishing learned treatises.

The idea of the public sphere that emerged during the Enlightenment refers to

an idealized space where individuals gathered to discuss social and political issues.

Soft pastels, ornate interiors, and sentimental portraits are all characteristics of the style known as

rococo.

How did the idea of "race" transform Europeans' idea of their superiority over other peoples?

European superiority increasingly was defined as biologically superior as well as culturally superior.

The Enlightenment reached its highest development in France for all of the following reasons except

France had the highest literacy rates in Europe.

In general, what was Voltaire's attitude toward government?

He believed that a good monarch was the best one could hope for

Why did scientists find that Protestant countries were more conducive to their work, especially after 1640?

Protestant countries generally lacked a strong religious authority capable of censoring or suppressing scientific work that challenged religious doctrine.

Which powers participated in the partitioning of Poland in the late eighteenth century?

Prussia, Russia, and Austria

How did the governments respond to the new science?

States established academies of science to support and sometimes direct scientific research.

In Historical and Critical Dictionary, Pierre Bayle demonstrated that

all knowledge can be questioned and doubted.

The scientific revolution drew on all of the following for its origins except

efforts to prevent a recurrence of the Black Death.

Rousseau's concept of the general will asserts that

. the authentic, long-term needs of the people can be correctly interpreted by a far-seeing minority.

In his Essay Concerning Human Understanding, John Locke claimed that

human development is determined by education and society.

Francis Bacon formalized the research methods of Tycho Brahe and Galileo into a theory of reasoning known as

empiricism

How did Isaac Newton's law of gravity bring the Scientific Revolution to maturity?

Newton synthesized mathematics with physics and astronomy to demonstrate that the entire universe was unified into one coherent system.