AP Euro Chapter 3 and 4

Peace of Augsburg

A treaty between Charles V and the German Protestant princes that granted legal recognition of Lutheranism in Germany.

Anabaptist

Protestants who insisted that only adult baptism conformed to Scripture. Protestant and Catholic leaders condemned Anabaptists for advocating the complete separation of church and state.

Treaty of Westphalia (1648)

Ended the thirty years war.

Luther's key beliefs

- salvation comes through faith alone - the Bible is the only valid authority for Christian life - Freedom of a Christian (every person can be there own priest) - all honest work has equal merit (he abolished monasteries and convents, declaring that clergy should marry) - church should be subordinate to state -believes the church is corrupt and misleading people that they are being saved when they are not (thinks selling indulgences is wrong) -Bible only has 2 sacraments, not 7

Luthers key works

-95 theses -Justfication by faith alone -adress to Christian nobility -Freedom of a Christian -The Babylonian captivity

Result of Treaty of Westphalia

-Calvinism Legal -Switzerland and Dutch Independence -France get Alsace/Lorraine -Sweden gains land,power on the Baltic -France most powerful in Europe -Holy Roman Empire and Austria weakened

Meeting at Marburg

-Meeting with Martin Luther and Ulrich Zwingli—differences -Disagreement over the Eucharist -Luther believed that Jesus' physical body was present in the Eucharist -Zwingli believed that Christ's presence in the Eucharist was symbolic or spiritual

Luther's response to the German Peasants' War

-Peasants believed Luther would support them, but Luther believed that Christians ought to obey their rulers - even unjust rulers - and that rebellion against the state was always wrong and must be crushed -Horrified at the prospect of a bloody revolution and wanting to please the German nobility, Luther urged the German nobility to crush the rebels

Calvins beliefs

-believed in predestination in that God has chosen who would be saved -lived by a strict moral code -more of a missonary faith the Lutheranism

What's the percentage of German people that die in the thirty year war

1/3

John Calvin

1509-1564. French theologian. Developed the Christian theology known as Calvinism. Attracted Protestant followers with his teachings.

Edict of Nantes

1598 - Granted the Huguenots liberty of conscience and worship.

Council of Trent

A meeting of Roman Catholic leaders, called by Pope Paul III to rule on doctrines criticized by the Protestant reformers. Reaffirmed traditional Catholic teachings, forbade the sale of indulgences. Still stuck with the pope being the mean power, 7 scarements, and clergy not being able to marry.

Thirty Years War (1618-1648)

A series of European wars that were partially a Catholic-Protestant religious conflict. It was primarily a German war with some outside forces involved such as Sweden, Denmark, and France.

Martin Luther

a German monk who became one of the most famous critics of the Roman Catholic Chruch. In 1517, he wrote 95 theses, or statements of belief attacking the church practices. The

Catholic Counter-Reformation

An internal reform of the Catholic Church in the sixteenth century; thanks especially to the work of the Council of Trent (1545-1563), Catholic leaders clarified doctrine, corrected abuses and corruption, and put a new emphasis on education and accountability.

Diet of Worms

Assembly of the estates of the empire, called by Holy Roman Emperor Charles V in 1521. Luther was ordered to recant but he refused. Charles V declared Luther an outlaw.

Saint Bartholomew's Day Massacre

August 24, 1572; a massacre of 6,000 to 8,000 Huguenots in Paris authorized by King Charles IX and his mother Catherine de Medici.

Politique

Based there descions off of what's best for politics/state

Spanish Fury

During the occupation of the Low Countries by Phillip II's forces, the Spanish army mutinied after not having received pay. During the subsequent rampage, these Spanish troops pillaged and murdered over six thousand people in Antwerp.

Hugenot wars

French Hugenots vs. French Catholic for control and power in France. Both a religious and political war. Caught in the middle was three young kings who were mainly controlled by their mother Catherine de Medici.

Calvin is connected to

Geneva

Edict of Restitution (1629)

Imperial decree restoring all Catholic lands lost to Protestants since 1552, before the Peace of Augsburg & only legalizing Catholicism & Lutheranism

95 Theses

It was nailed to a church door in Wittenberg, Germany in 1517 and is widely seen as being the catalyst that started the Protestant Reformation. It contained Luther's list of accusations against the Roman Catholic Church.

After Diet of Worms

Luther was kidnapped by Fredrick the wise of saxony, while in exile the translated the New Testament into German

Jesuits

Members of the Society of Jesus, a Roman Catholic order founded by Ignatius Loyola in 1534. They played an important part in the Catholic Reformation and helped create missonary movements in Europe such as Poland.

Henry IV of France

Orginally Henry of Navarre. He was a Politique. He became a Catholic because he knew most of France was Catholic. He gave the Huguenots religious liberty. His rule paved the way for French absolutism and helped restore internal peace in France.

Duke of Alba

Philip of Spain dispatched this man to suppress the Dutch revolt.

Causes of Thirty year war

Religion (Calvinism in the holy empire)

Spanish Netherlands

South Catholic Netherlands under control of Phillip II (Spain)

What was the Spanish Netherlands made up of

South: Belgium (Catholic) North: Dutch (Calvinism)

English Reformation

result of the disagreement between Henry VIII and the Pope, created the Church of England or Anglican Church which was separate from the Catholic Church, still left little room for religious freedom

Gustavus Adolphus

Swedish Lutheran king who won victories for the German Protestants in the Thirty Years' War and lost his life in one of the battles (1594-1632)

Ulrich Zwingli

Swiss theologian whose sermons began the Reformation in Switzerland (1484-1531). Widely known for his opposition to the sale of indulgences and religious superstition. He was killed during the swiss civil war between the Protestants and Catholics

Spanish Armada

The great fleet sent from Spain against England by Philip II in 1588; defeated by the terrible winds and fire ships. Idea was to invade England, get rid of queen Elizabeth, and return it back to the Catholic faith

John Knox and Presbyterians

This was the man who dominated the reform movement in Scotland. He established the Presbyterian Church of Scotland so that ministers ran the church, not bishops. Had been taught by Calvin in Geneva.

Difference between transubstaniation and consubstantian

Transubstantiation is the name of the Catholic doctrine, while consubstantiation is the name of the idea held by many Lutherans and Anglicans. ... Consubstantiation is the idea that, at the same time, it is both bread and wine and the body and blood of Christ.

Zwingli is connected to

Zurich

39 articles

created during the reign of Elizabeth I which made moderate Protestantism the official religion of England