AP Euro French Revolution and Napoleon

Who predicted in Reflections in France (1790) that reform like that occurring France would lead To chaos and tyranny?

Edmund Burke.

Describe the events surrounding the king and the royal families abandonment of Versailles and their return to Paris.

Several thousand Parisian women?

Why did members of the National Convention turn against Robespierre?

A group of radicals and moderates in the convention knew they might be the next people that Robespierre sent to the guillotine.

Discuss the state of French finance and the national budget in the 1780s

A rapidly growing population had outpaced the food supply. A severe winter in 1788 resulted in famine and widespread starvation in the countryside. Rising prices in Paris brought bread riots.

Describe the Third Estate

About 97% of people belonged to third estate. No privileges were granted to these members. 1. Bourgeoisie (middle class) -> Made up with merchants, manufacturers, and professional people. -> Were well educated and believed strongly in the Enlightenment ideals of liberty and equality. -> Some bourgeoisies rich as nobles 2. Workers -> Poorest group within the Third Estate. -> Included laborers, servants, and tradespeople. -> Paid low wages and frequently out of work. 3. Peasants "All work, no voice" -> Formed largest group within Third Estate; more than 80%. -> Paid about half their income in dues to nobles, tithes to the Church, and taxes to the king's agents. -> Paid the heaviest taxes and for the land they worked.

Why did Great Britain seek to raise taxes on its American colonies in the 1760s?

After doubling its national debt in the Seven Years' War, Great Britain sought to tax the American colonies to fund the further defense of the colonies

What was Napoleon's Grand Empire?

An enlarged France, a number satellite kingdoms, and the independent but allied states of Austria, Prussia, and Russia

Why was France unable to manage its debt in the eighteenth century, even though that debt was much smaller relative to its population, that the debt of either Great Britain or Holland?

France lacked a central bank and paper currency

What was the economic effect of Napoleon's Continental system?

French artisans and the middle class suffered, for they were economically damaged by the blockade of Great Britain

Discuss the characteristics were found in the men who were elected to represent the third estate at the Estates General

Government officials, lawyers

How did Napoleon consolidate his rule?

He appealed both to disillusion revolutionaries and members of the old nobility and offered them high posts in the expanding centralized state

Discuss Napoleon Bonaparte early life and biography?

He won brilliant victories in Italy in 1796 and 1797

How did the reaction of kings and nobles in continental Europe toward the French Revolution change over the revolutions's first two years?

Initially pleased by the revolution's weakening of France, they came to feel threatened by its increasingly radical message

How did America's Constitutional Convention of 1787 deal with the discord between pro- and anti-slavery delegates?

It compromised by stipulating that an enslaved person would count as three-fifths of a person for purposes of taxation and proportional representation in the House of Representatives

How did National Assembly respond to the hopes and expectations of Saint-Domingue's different social groups?

It frustrated the hopes of all the different social groups

Why was the Declaration of Independence so important to the American Revolution?

It universalized the traditional rights of English people and made them the rights of all mankind

After the arrest and deportation of Toussaint L' Ouverture, how was the war of Haitian Independence ?

Jean-Jacques Dessaline, L'Ouverture's lieutenant, led the resistance to a crushing victory over the French and later declared Haitian independence

Discuss French military victories after the winter of 1793-94

Mainly due to Patriotism and the superior numbers supplied by the draft

What occurred during the Hundred Days in France?

Napoleon returned from exile to rule France briefly.

Why did the Directory continue French wars of conquest. Which were begun by early revolutionary governments?

The Directory understood that big, victorious armies kept men employed

What two fundamental principles of the French Revolution were incorporated into the Napoleonic Code?

The equality of all male citizens before the law and the absolute security of wealth and private property.

As the Jacobins gained power, what was their reaction to women's political activity?

The jacobins took actions to suppress women's participation in political debate, which the perceived as disorderly and a distraction from their proper place in the home.

The attack on the Bastille had what political effect?

The king's plans to reassert his authority were forestalled, permitting the National Assembly to continue its work

Why did the Antifederalists oppose the new American constitution proposed by the Constitutional Convention?

They feared for the individual freedoms for which they had fought

How did French armies during the French Revolution offer a mixed message to the people they conquered?

They presented themselves as liberators to the peasants and middle class, but plundered the land

How did the delegates to the Legislative Assembly that convened in October 1791 differ from the delegates to the Estates General/National Assembly?

They were younger and less cautious; many joined political clubs

What was the goal of the Committee of Public Safety?

To use dictatorial powers to respond to threats to France from without and within

In the eighteenth century, many liberal thinkers believed that representative institutions could defend the liberty and interests of the people. What did this means in terms of political practice?

Voting for representatives would be restricted to men of property

What caused the life-and-death political struggle between the Girondists and the Mountain?

Whe Louis XVI was convicted of treason, the Girondists didn't want to put him to death, but the mountain did and they won.

Discuss A Vindication of the Rights of Man (1790) and A Vindication of the Rights of Women (1972).

a founding text of the feminist movement, by Mary Wollstonecraft

Explain how the National Assembly restored order In the wake of the Great Fear in the summer of 1789?

abolishing all of the old noble and church privileges

Discuss the events/actions which damaged the sense of his sacred authority held by Louis XVI.

allowing his common-born mistress to exercise tremendous influence culturally and politically

Discuss the laws passes from 1789 to 1791 by the National Assembly.

declared all men and women to be equal

What did the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen guarantee?

gave all citizens free expression of thoughts and opinions and guaranteed equality before the law.

By July 1794, how had the central government in Paris managed to reassert control over the provinces and gain momentum against the First Coalition?

it harnessed the explosive forces of planned economy

Discuss Olympe de Gouges and her beliefs

men and women should be equal in the eyes of the law

Describe the Loyalist faction in the American Revolution

tended to be wealthy and politically moderate

How did the Concordat resolve the crisis over Catholicism in France in the Napoleonic era?

the catholic church gained the right to practice religion freely

Why did the French commissioners in Saint-Domingue abolish slavery in 1793

they were desperate to rally the rebel slaves to the French cause against the Spanish and English forces on the island.