Ap Euro The Age of Exploration

By the 16th century the center of commercial activity had shifted from the Mediterranean to the?

Atlantic Ocean

At its height (ca. 1580), the Spanish empire of Philip II included all of the following EXCEPT?

Bohemia

In 1571 the Spanish and Turkish control of the Mediterranean at the battle of?

Lepanto

The first European country to enter into direct trade with the Far East and establish colonies there was?

Portugal

Portuguese exploration of the African coast was inspired and supported by?

Prince Henry the Navigator

The Treaty of Tordesillas (1494) granted Portugal the eastern trade route to the Indies as well as Brazil; lands to the west of Brazil were given to?

Spain

The Mediterranean carrying trade in the 14c and 15c was in the hands of?

Venice

For England, the primary result of the 16c wars with Spain was that it?

assured her national independence and promoted an intense national spirit

Why did the English, Dutch, and French governments fail to begin colonization of the Americas and direct trade with the Orient until more than 100 years after Columbus discovered America?

domestic troubles and religious controversies delayed organized action

The major cause of the growing weakness of Spain and Portugal after 1600 was the?

failure to find productive investments with profits from New World colonies

Which BEST explains the decline of Spanish power in the 17c?

foolish monarchs and an uncertain flow of treasure from the New World

Encomiendas in the Spanish New World were?

grants permitting owners to take income or labor from land and its inhabitants

Scarcity of labor in the Americas led the Spanish and Portuguese colonizers to?

import slaves from Africa

Which group generally benefited from the inflation of the sixteenth century?

merchants

Why did the initiative in early conquest and exploration pass to northern European nations in the later 16c?

the Dutch and the British improved the design of oceanic vessels, producing faster ships than their Catholic rivals

All of the following helped cause the Age of European Exploration EXCEPT?

the Mughals' continued encroachment into Central Europe

Spain's expansion in the Americas was made particularly easy by?

the impact of imported diseases on the Indian population

The Spanish empire in America was characterized by?

the introduction of a manorial-like system, the encomienda

The technological innovations in maritime technology by the 1500s were important because?

they made it possible for Europeans to sail anywhere