AP Euro Unit II

* 51. What was the primary cause of the emergence of inflation in Spain in the 16th century?

The inability of Spanish agriculture and manufacturing to meet the growing demand of goods

* 54. How did justifications for slavery change from the 15th to the 18th centuries?

Arguments supporting slavery began to focus more on science and nature, and less on religion.

* 28. What was the name given to French protestants?

Huguenots

* 39. What did the treaty of Tordesillas accomplish?

It divided the Atlantic Ocean, giving Spain control of everything west of an imaginary line and Portugal everything east of the line.

* 24. What were Lutheran and Calvinist attitudes toward secular rulers?

Lutherans taught respect for authority while Calvinists encouraged opposition to political authorities who were considered ungodly.

* 44. How did the Spanish monarchy seek to maintain control over its colonies?

The monarchy established intendants with broad administrative and financial authority who were responsible directly to the monarchy

* 17. The dissolution of the English monasteries

resulted from Henry VII's desire to confiscate their wealth

* 33. "Within a few days of our departure from every such town, the people began to die...By report of the oldest men in this country, [this had] never happened before...The people were persuaded that it was the work of our God" This quote from Thomas Hariot's report refers to what effect of European colonization?

The spread of European disease among the Native Americans

* 41. How did the English and the French seek a route to East Asia?

They sought a Northwest Passage across North America

32. *Diez and Cortes talking about converting Native Americans and getting rich*

Accumulating wealth and converting indigenous peoples to Christianity

* 12. As a result of the Peace of Augsburg, the people of Germany

Became Lutheran or Catholic, depending on the preference of their prince

* 53. How did Europeans initially justify the enslavement of Africans?

Enslavement benefited Africans by bringing Christianity to them

*19. The Reformation in England was primarily the result of

The dynastic and romantic concerns of Henry VIII

* 25. How did Inquisitorial legal procedures differ from the accusatorial legal procedures?

A suspect would not be told the charges against him.

* 31. *passage talking about how Europeans call everyone barbaric who is not them*

He rejected the notion that one culture is superior to another

* 9. What aided Martin Luther as his call for reform emerged?

Luther understood the power of the new printing press authorized the publication of his works.

* 38. Who resisted the Portuguese efforts to gain control over Indian Ocean Trade?

Muslim-controlled port cities

* 29. What was the name given to Catholic and moderate Huguenots in France?

Politiques

30. *passage talking about John Calvin* This quote identifies what concept?

Predestination

* 37. How did the introduction of Ptolemy's Geography mislead European cartographers?

Ptolemy asserted that the world was much smaller than it actually is, indicating that Asia was not far removed from Europe to the west.

* 8. Which of the following best describes Martin Luther's doctrine of salvation?

Salvation came from faith alone as a gift of God's grace

* 52. In chronological order, what were the three successive commercial empires established by Europeans in the 15th, 16th, and 17th centuries?

The Portuguese, the Spanish, and the Dutch

* 45. How did the encomienda system function?

The Spanish crown granted conquerers the right to employ or demand tribute from groups of Native Americans in exchange for providing food and shelter

* 49. How did Portuguese merchants obtain most of their slaves in Africa?

They traded for slaves with local leaders

* 26. What was the fate of most people brought before the Inquisition and accused of witchcraft?

They were sent home with a warning and ordered to do penance

* 14. John Calvin rejected the idea of free will because he believed it would

distract from the sovereignty of God

* 22. The Edict of Nantes

granted French Huguenots the right to worship, but did not grant complete religious freedom

* 46. Bartolome de las Cases asserted that the Indians

had human rights

* 23. In religious affairs, Elizabeth I of England followed a policy that

was a middle course between Catholic and Protestant extremes