ap european history semester 2 final

The term "Five Year Plans" would most likely be discussed in conjunction with which of the following?

A book on the economic development of the Soviet Union after the Bolshevik Revolution.

According to the philosopher Immanuel Kant, human beings possessed a sense of moral duty that will cause one to do what is right and, in turn, guide others to do the same. What did he call this?

A categorical imperative.

Which of the following best describes Lenin's New Economic Policy?

A compromise with capitalist economic principles.

In what way(s) did the separate spheres for women change during the late 19th and early 20th century?

All answer choices are correct. (New committees formed for the feminist movement, there were attempts to end prostitution, and female suffrage became a possibility).

Why would countries decide to agree on conservative rule as opposed to liberal reform?

All choices are correct. (Fear of civil unrest, fear of loss of power, and fear of mob rule.)

The ideology of Italian fascism was based on....

An authoritarian state and a corporate economy.

Back in Germany, Hitler made the move to annex neighboring Austria in 1938. This annexation, or political takeover, was known as________________.

Anschluss.

This man is regarded as the father of sociology, developed positivism, a philosophy that was based on science.

Auguste Comte.

Cook began the early settlement and occupation of these lands, and they became mostly places for convicted criminals of the British Empire to reside.

Australia and New Zealand.

Which group of nations below were members of the Quadruple alliance?

Austria, Russia, Prussia, Great Britain.

This style of fighting looked like lightning pouring down from the sky due to all the heavy bombing coming from German aircraft.

Blitzkrieg.

The supporters of Leninist thought became known as:

Bolsheviks.

Metternich, the chancellor of Austria issued a set of anti-subversive laws designed to get the liberals out of Austria. What was the formal name of these laws?

Carlsbad Decrees.

This modern movement was considered the most radical of the era as it was determined by the viewer to guess the reality of the piece.

Cubism.

This team of merchants was used by the British to exploit India through tactics of negotiation and warfare.

East India Company.

Much like India, this country was run under strict supervision by the British authorities becoming increasingly more nationalist, and at times turning to the guidance of radical Islamists.

Egypt.

The 1933 passage of the _____________ granted Hitler the ability to authorize new laws without a majority vote from the parliament.

Enabling Acts.

A union's primary purpose was to protect the interest of the employer.

False.

Britain and France had tried to appease Hitler by allowing him to take Poland and Czechoslovakia. However, the direct invasion of their ally Austria provoked a declaration of war.

False.

Conservatives wanted to redraw the map of Europe with established boundaries based on ethnic group and nationalities.

False.

Fearing a potential coup from military authorities, Lenin carried out his "Great Purge" from 1936 to 1938.

False.

Germany was referred to as the "Powder Keg of Europe".

False.

Greece failed to gain independence from the Ottoman Empire following a national revolt against their Ottoman rulers.

False.

In January of 1917, a coded telegram was sent by the German foreign minister, Arthur Zimmermann, to the German ambassador in the United States hoping to prevent them from joining the war effort.

False.

Latin America was comprised of many different cultures, ethnicities, boundaries, and borders that made it easier for a united revolutionary spirit to take root.

False.

Mass production raised the cost of goods because they were now available to the general public.

False.

One step that was part of Hitler's vision of a master race was The Final Solution, which called a mass imprisonment of millions of Jews.

False.

Rudyard Kipling wrote The White Man's Burden to discourage the United States from entering into the imperalism business.

False.

The American-led invasion of Iraq was supported by many countries, notably France, Germany, and Russia.

False.

The Koran was discovered under Napoleon and used to decipher ancient Egyptian hieroglyphic writing.

False.

The Vichy regime used their opportunity of power to return to liberal ways, focusing largely on the end of both strict Catholicism and intense nationalism.

False.

War was a hardship for the British economy, underproducing German production.

False.

Marx was an advocate of this group comprised of radicals, socialists, and anarchists.

First International.

During the Spanish Civil War, the Nationalist forces led by General Franco received military assistance from which of the following pairs of states?

Germany and Italy.

Which nations made up the Triple Alliance?

Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy.

____________, or openness, in Russia, allowed for the acceptance of criticism and public discussion of Soviet history and the Party itself. ______________, or restructuring, seemed to abandon Marxist ideology in favor of a more capitalist system as it supported free enterprise and private property.

Glasnost, Perestroika.

In the period after the First World War, the British economist John Maynard Keynes argued that...

Governments should respond to economic downturns by increasing spending.

The United States would eventually join which nations to make up the Triple Entente?

Great Britain, France, and Russia.

In the early 1900s, this country remained as the world's leading naval power with a vast colonial empire taking up about a quarter of the land on Earth. Their primary goals were to imperialize and industrialize.

Great Britain.

This Romantic philosopher believed that history is shaped by two things: heroes and larger spiritual forces beyond our control.

Hegel.

In the 1850s, this English inventor figured out a way to manufacture steel cheaply and in large quantities, allowing for the increased production of machinery, transportation, and engineering feats.

Henry Bessemer.

The _________, according to Freud, consists of immoral, irrational, and sometimes sexual impulses.

Id.

_______________ can be defined as the policy, practice, or advocacy of extending the power and dominion of a nation, especially by direct territorial acquisitions or by gaining indirect control over the political or economic life of other areas.

Imperialism.

In 1939, the "Great War" would become known as "World War I," and the new conflict that would ensue between 1939 and 1945 was known as "World War II." The time period between the two wars was known as the _________ years.

Interwar.

Why were female industrial workers paid less than men?

It was assumed a woman's husband or father would make up the difference.

What caused the United States to freeze Japanese assets and cut off oil supplies?

Japan's invasion of Indochina.

Which Romantic religious leader stressed the importance of the inward heartfelt religion?

John Wesley.

Who was the leader of the conservative movement that emerged across Europe as a reaction to the French Revolution?

Klemens von Metternich.

Suspicious of Catholic activities, Otto Von Bismarck embarked on a campaign called _____________, or Clash of Civilizations.

Kulturkampf.

The revolutions that took place following the Age of Napoleon were most often led by which of the following?

Liberal bourgeois gentlemen dedicated to romantic ideals.

Guiseppe Mazzini, leader of Young Italy - The selection above illustrates which of the following patterns in the early 19th century?

Long-term effects of the French Revolution on independence movements and nationalism.

What policy implemented under Napoleon guaranteed certain freedoms to the European people?

Napoleonic code.

Through its focus on national culture, the literature of the 19th century contributed most to the development of...

National literary languages.

Caspar David Friedrich: Wanderer above the Sea of Fog, 1818 - The painting above showcases a break with Enlightenment artistic forms because it stresses

Nature and intuition.

The __________ deprived Jews of their citizenship and made them "subjects" rather than people.

Nuremberg Laws.

Caspar David Friedrich: Wanderer above the Sea of Fog, 1818 - This piece impacted political events of the nineteenth century because it

Often encouraging nationalism.

This new and powerful class was made up of white-collar workers who were considered to be the lower/middle-class, but aspired to be like the upper-middle-class.

Petite Bourgeois.

This specific way of painting involves little dots and is extremely laborious.

Pointillism.

The provisional government established in Paris after the mob had attacked the Tuileries, February 24, 1848, immediately issued the following proclamation - Although the claims made in the document are mainly political, a major cause of the uprising that prompted the proclamation was the...

Poverty of the early Industrial Revolution.

A _____________ is a conflict that occurs when two nations do not fight one another directly but support third party combatants that serve their interests.

Proxy War.

Yellow fever, or the tropical disease carried by mosquitoes, affected many troops and Western civilians when they set foot in the colonies leading to the development of this anti-malarial drug.

Quinine.

Realism was the counter movement to...

Romanticism.

This movement came about in the aftermath of the industrial revolution to counter the ideas of the Enlightenment and it's focus on rational thinking.

Romanticism.

Which French philosopher successfully advocated that a woman's place is at home?

Rousseau.

Jewish emancipation during this time period varied from country to country. For the most part, Jews were granted equal or nearly equal citizenship, except in this nation.

Russia.

During the Cold War, these talks were aimed at minimizing the number of nuclear weapons that each country could possess.

SALT.

This event resulted in the British government taking direct control of India.

Sepoy Mutiny.

During a decades-long period, these two superpowers engaged in a space race, a nuclear arms race, and various proxy wars.

Soviet Union and United States.

New Imperialism was the time of the collapse of these nations as major imperialist powers and the rise of new colonial powers.

Spain, Portugal, and France.

In 1864, Pope Pius IX issued this document, which was to counter the growing liberal movement that was undermining the values of the church.

Syllabus of Errors.

Gavrilo Princip was a member of this terrorist organization that devoted to seeking independence from the Austro-Hungarian Empire.

The Black Hand.

After the Congress of Vienna, the great powers decided to meet periodically to check in with one another. What was this era known as?

The Concert of Europe.

Eastern European nations were said to lie behind what imaginary structure following WWII?

The Iron Curtain.

The purges carried out in the Soviet Union during the 1930s resulted in...

The arrests and killings of many senior government and military officials.

Which of the following statements correctly identifies a characteristic of classical liberalism?

The best form of government was a direct democracy.

The provisional government established in Paris after the mob had attacked the Tuileries, February 24, 1848, immediately issued the following proclamation - Which of the following was a major consequence of this revolution and the others that occurred in the same year?

The breakdown of the Concert of Europe.

Which of the following is the best description of European overseas empires from 1750 to 1914?

The colonies in the Americas broke free from Europe and Europe began to colonize Africa and Asia instead.

Conservatives of the early 1800s believed that political authority came from...

The consent of the people to be governed.

"When Paris sneezes, Europe catches a cold." To what degree does Prince Metternich's quotation embody the goals of the Congress of Vienna?

The conservative powers will preserve a balance of powers at all costs.

Which of the following statements BEST reflects the diffusion of socialist ideas to the lower classes?

The establishment of national workshops in France after the 1848 revolution.

One major consequence of the First World War was...

The start of the Russian Revolution.

This leader of the Zionist movement believed that the Jewish population couldn't survive if it didn't have a nation of its own.

Theodor Herzi.

Treat of Versailles, 1919 - Which of the following best states one purpose of the treaty clause above?

To justify large reparations payments from Germany.

As the war progressed, the Allies created the Big Three, which included: Churchill of Great Britain, Stalin of the Soviet Union, and Roosevelt of the United States.

True.

By 1900, almost three-quarters of the population in most countries could read.

True.

Cuba is the only communist nation in the Western Hemisphere.

True.

From 1997 through 2001, Afghanistan was ruled by a brutal Islamic fundamentalist regime known as the Taliban.

True.

In the late 19th century, the Belgian Monarch King Leopold II claimed the lands of the Congo which led to at least 50% of the Native Africans dying under his leadership.

True.

Nationalism can create conflict within a country and destroy the established government.

True.

Nationalists and Liberalists threatened the conservative powers with their views regarding land boundaries and political reform.

True.

Print culture can be described as the spreading of ideas through the written word via magazines, pamphlets, and the like.

True.

Romantic artists attempted to stress the political importance and rights of the individual through their focus on man's place in nature.

True.

The Allies also agreed to divide up Germany into four occupation zones governed by France, Russia, Great Britain, and the United States.

True.

The Great Depression didn't affect all countries the same way.

True.

The US issued the Marshall Plan, an economic recovery aid package, to those that wanted it in the post-war period. All of the countries accepted it except for Russia.

True.

This proclaimed that the western powers would pledge to offer financial and military support to countries threatened by communism.

Truman Doctrine.

This was the most prolonged proxy war of the Cold War period, which occurred in several different phases.

Vietnam War.

The border between France and Germany would be called the...

Western Front.