AP Gov Final
all of the following issues were decided at the constitution convention except
voting qualifications of the electorate
which of the following SCOTUS cases established that those accused of felonies who cannot afford legal counsel are entitled to legal counsel provided by the state?
giden v wainwright (1963)
which of the following SCOTUS decisions allows public school students to wear t-shirts protesting a school board decision that eliminates funding for high school arts programs?
tinker v des moines independent community school district
the framers of the constitution intended to establish
a representative republic
the boundary lines of congressional districts are drawn by
state legislatures
"We are unanimously of opinion, that the law passed by the legislature of Maryland, imposing a tax on the Bank of the United States, is unconstitutional and void...This is a tax on the operation of an instrument employed by the government of the Union to carry its powers into execution. Such a tax must be unconstitutional..." the decision of the supreme court upheld the principle that
congress has the power to make laws to carry out its constitutional duties
which of the following scenarios is an example of the trustee model of representation?
a member of congress votes to close a popular tax loophole based on the belief that the money would be better spent paying down the national debt
which of the following scenarios best illustrates a member of congress supporting pork-barrel legislation
a senator from an agricultural state amending legislation to establish a potato research institute in his or her state
in the federalist 70, alexander hamilton states that "energy in the executive is a leading character in the definition of good government." in this statement, hamilton is arguing in favor of the need for
a single executive who can respond quickly to crises
a liberal response to the "strained resources" of local government most likely would include
an increase infederal spending on public education and more programs aimed at helping lower-income communities
which of the following statements accurately summarizes the reasoning for the decision in baker v carr (1962)
because rural districts had fewer people, representation was unevenly distributed; thus, baker was denied equal protection under the law
which of the following is an accurate comparison of checks on the legislative branch and checks on the executive branch?
check on legislative branch: the president may veto bills passed by congress check on executive branch: the senate must confirm judicial nominees
which of the following accurately compares the formal and informal powers of the president?
formal power: acting as commander in chief of the military informal power: signing executive agreements with foreign nations
"if, therefore, the legislature pass any laws, inconssitent with the sense the judges put upon the constitution, they will declare it void; and therefore in this respect their power is superior to that of the legislature."
marbury v madison (1803)
a new president has been elected after running on a campaign of lowering taxes & reducing spending on discretionary programs but now must work with congress to ensure legislation passes which achieves those goals. which of the leaders in the diagram plays the most crucial role in shaping the legislation that the president wants passed?
speaker of the house
in mcculloch v maryland, SCOTUS established which of the following principles?
states cannot interfere with or tax the legitimate activities of the federal government
which of the following is an action that congress would most likely take to address the issues illustrated by the data in the table?
congress can hold the bureaucracy accountable by calling on leaders from departments and agencies responsible for the improper payments to testify before committees
which of the following is a likely response by another branch of government to a controversial decision such as engel v vitale (1962) which declared that school-sponsored prayer was a violation of the first amendment?
congress could strip the supreme court of appellate jurisdiction on cases dealing with prayer in school
which of the following describes the twenty-fourth amendment
it eliminated poll taxes
in engel v vitale (1962) which of the following provides the legal reasoning behind the supreme court's ruling?
it ruled that the state had no justifiable interest to compel students to listen to a nondenominational prayer led by public school teachers, finding a clear establishment clause violation
which of the following makes a correct comparison between political parties and interest groups in the US?
political parties: recruit and run candidates in elections interest groups: seek to influence public policy
which of the following is an example of checks and balances?
a rule issued by a bureaucratic agency may be declared unconstitutional by the supreme court
in 1973, the US SCOTUS handed down the controversial roe v wade decision striking down laws banning abortion. in response, many pro-life groups have organied to have the decision overturned. which of the following represents an action that these groups are most likely to take to achieve their goal?
become more actively involved in presidential campaigns so that presidential candidates will pledge to appoint justices who favor overturning roe v wade
a 2017 study in the american economic review found that watching fox news during an election cycle increased a democrat's chances of voting republican by 28%. Conversely, by watching MSNBC republicans were more inclined to vote democrat by 8%. this scenario best illustrates which of the following about the media?
cable news programming is oftentimes ideologically driven and effective in persuading citizens to adopt their point of view
which of the following pair of supreme court cases best illustrates who views of federalism have shifted in the US?
case 1: mcculloch v maryland (1819) case 2: united states v lopez (1995)
which of the following most accurately explains the interaction between the president and the congress regarding the defense budget?
congress passes a budget for the entire federal government, including defense, but it must consider the president's proposal because the president may veto the bill
which of the following best describes the holding in baker v carr (1962)
congressional redistricting is subject to judicial review
which of the following is a true statement about the role of the media in providing citizens with information?
demand for instantaneous news reporting has led to the growth of 24-hour news operations and a shift to online media consumptions
american political culture is characterized by strong popular support for all of the following except
economic equality
which of the following accurately compares the formal and informal powers of the president
formal power: acting as commander in chief of the military informal power: signing executive agreements with foreign nations
which of the following sets of policies would most likely be supported by a libertarian?
legalization of the commercial sale of marijuana and a reduction in government spending on prisons
the majority party in the senate is concerned that the supreme court has made a number of ideologically dangerous and controversial rulings. which of the following actions could be taken by the senate to limit the supreme court's power?
pass legislation already passed by the house that would limit the impact of the supreme court's recent rulings
which of the following best illustrates the point being made in the cartoon above?
presidents can have an influence on public policy far beyond their terms of office
which of the following was the ruling in shaw v reno (1993)?
racial gerrymandering violates the fourteenth amendment
two interest groups are competing for influence in congress. one group represents banking institutions, while the other advocates for consumer protections. a critic of the influence groups would make which of the following claims?
the banking interest group likely has greater financial resources and access to policy makers than the consumer protection group
which of the following is the primary reason for the tensions that exist between the legislative and executive branches of the federal government?
the branches have different constituencies with different interests
title IX of the education amendments of 1972 was a law passed by congress prohibiting discrimination based on sex. which of the following describes how the policy is being implemented?
the bureaucracy will create rules for enforcement and will have the discretion to implement those rules
which of the following is a likely effect of the trend depicted in the bar graph on voting and elections?
the democratic party will win more elections, based on current voting trends
which of the following explains the most significant long-term consequence of the ideas expressed in the passage?
the value of "all men are created equal" was reaffirmed both on law and in american political culture
which of the following is most likely responsible for the increase in the number of southern african americans state legislators between 1960 and 1992 as shown in the graph
the voting rights act of 1965
which of the following scenarios best illustrates a formal check on the power of bureaucracy?
the secretary of defense being called to testify before a congressional committee
which of the following constitutional principles best explains why there is variation among states on the use of capital punishment?
federalism
which of the following correctly describes the facts in shaw v reno (1993)
redistricting in order to confine minority voters to a majority in one district was challenged under the fourteenth amendment
in roe v wade (1973), the US SCOTUS used what provision of the US constitution to extend the right to privacy to women seeking abortions?
the due process clause of the fourteenth amendment
the clause of the US constitution that was used in the supreme court's ruling in brown v board of education of topeka (1954) was
the equal protection clause
a public school district implemented a policy that allowed students to vote on whether they wanted a student-led prayer to be read at football games. this policy was later found to be unconstitutional by the united states supreme court. which of the following clauses did the policy most likely violate?
the establishment clause
which of the following scenarios best illustrates the concept of concurrent powers?
the federal government provides about 25% of the total funding for highways and transit in the US, while the other 75% of the funding comes from states
which of the following best explains a reason that a president might use a signing statement to express displeasure with a bill as opposed to issuing a veto?
the president may have objections to provision of a bill but does not want to risk congress overriding a veto
which of the following is an example of how separation of powers creates friction between the executive and legislative branches in the policy-making process?
the president threatens to issue an executive order for stricter gun control if congress continues to refuse to take action
which of the following is an example of checks and balances, as established by the constitution?
the requirement that presidential appointments to the supreme court be approved by the senate
based on your knowledge and the diagram, which of the following is true regarding the leadership structure of congress?
the role of the minority leader in both the house of representatives and the senate is to coordinate a strategy for the minority party
which of the following best characterizes the debate regarding the second amendment according to the author of the passage?
the second amendment is viewed by some as an individual rights issue but by others as a states' rights issue
which of the following is an action a president can take to rally public support for the administration's legislative agenda?
use the state of the union address to pressure congress to pass a bill lowering income taxes
an advantage that bureaucrats in federal governments have over the president in the policymaking process is that bureaucrats
usually have a continuity of service in the executive branch that the president lacks
in which of the following situations would the supreme court be most likely to utilize the doctrine of selective incorporation?
when an individual claims that a right protected by the bill of rights is infringed upon by a state
which of the following was a direct outcome of the three-fifths compromise?
the number of representatives in the house of representatives from slaveholding states increased
which of the following features of the US constitution would most concern the author of brutus 1?
the supremacy clause, which gives the federal government supremacy over states
