AP Gov Final

In Plessy v. Ferguson, the United States Supreme Court ruled that state-imposed racial segregation is constitutional, based on the

"separate but equal" doctrine

A filibuster occurs when

A majority of the Senate supports a bill, but the majority is not large enough to produce the 60 votes needed to end debate on the bill in the Senate

Based on previous court rulings, which of the following scenarios would most likely violate the equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment?

A public school system uses race-based segregation.

Which of the following scenarios would most likely be considered a violation of the Fourth Amendment?

A suspect's cell phone is analyzed by police before a warrant is issued.

What is grassroots lobbying?

An interest group encouraging and organizing its members to contact their representatives in Congress in support of the interest group's policy goals.

Until the Constitution was ratified, the document that established and defined the government of the United States was the

Articles of Confederation

Which is a reason the power of the two major parties is in decline in the United States?

Candidates now raise most of their campaign funds themselves and do not heavily rely on funds from their party.

Which of the following constitutional principles most directly addresses the relationship between the national and state governments?

Federalism

Both Gitlow v. New York and New York Times v. Sullivan are United States Supreme Court cases that deal with which of the following amendments to the United States Constitution?

First Amendment

In which landmark Supreme Court decision was the right to an attorney extended to require the government to provide lawyers for indigent defendants in state courts?

Gideon v. Wainwright

Bureaucratic rule-making is best defined as

Guidelines issued by government agencies, which provide specific details about how a policy will be implemented.

Which of the following is a clause of the Constitution the gives the federal government broad powers in many policy areas?

Interstate Commerce Clause

Which of the following is true of the Voting Rights Act of 1965?

It has been a major instrument for increasing the munger of African American and other minority voters.

Appointments to the federal judiciary are often contentious for which of the following reasons?

Life terms for federal judges mean that presidential appointments will continue to have influence long after the president's term is over.

The Supreme Court's power of judicial review was established by

Marbury v. Madison

Which of the following United States Supreme Court cases established the principle of judicial review?

Marbury v. Madison

A new president has been elected and has a number of positions to fill within the federal bureaucracy. Which of the following is an example of filling a position based on political patronage?

Nominating a high-level campaign fund-raiser to serve as an ambassador to New Zealand

Which of the following is an independent federal regulatory agency?

Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)

Which of the following outcomes are NOT possible in the Electoral College system?

The Electoral College could choose a president who did not have the most electoral votes.

A president can be removed from office in which of the following ways?

The House votes to impeach him, and the Senate tries and convicts him.

What new interpretation of the Constitution did the Supreme Court use in District of Columbia v. Heller?

The Second Amendment contains a constitutional right to gun ownership irrespective of service in a state militia.

The application of the death penalty has been limited in recent decades and cannot be applied to minors and people who are found to be mentally incompetent. Which of the following is a reason of this?

The Supreme Court changed its interpretation of what constitutes cruel and unusual punishment under the Eighth Amendment.

Which of the following best illustrates the concept of iron triangles?

The long-term relationships between agencies, congressional committees, and interest groups in specific policy areas.

Senator Smith votes her conscience on bills that her constituents care little about, but she votes according to the wishes of the majority of her constituents on other bills. Which model of representation do her actions embody?

The politico model

Which of the following statements about being the president as commander in chief is true?

The president can decide if and when to use weapons of mass destruction in times of war.

which of the following statements best describes the prevailing view of the power of the president today?

The president can take whatever action he feels appropriate to advance his policy goals as long as he doesn't break the law or violate the Constitution.

According to the term limits imposed by the Constitution

The president cannot be elected to the office of the president

Which of the following is contained in the Fourteenth Amendment and was likely an inspiration for Martin Luther King Jr.'s "Letter from a Birmingham Jail"?

The principle that all people should be equal under the law, as embodied in the equal protection clause

Which of the following actions by public school students would most likely be protected symbolic speech based on the precedent established by Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District (1969)?

Wearing t-shirts objecting to a school board decision

The president is most likely to use an executive order to make important policy when

a compromise cannot be reached with Congress

Which of the following is an example of fiscal federalism

building new mass transit systems in urban areas

Congress performs legislative oversight over executive departments by

determining departments' budgets.

In Miranda v. Arizona, the Supreme Court ruled that persons accused of a crime

have rights during police questioning

Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka (1954) was a significant Supreme Court ruling because it

held the "separate but equal" concept to be a violation of the equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment

The framers of the United States Constitution left decisions on voting eligibility to the

individual states

According to the Constitution, the vice president

is the president of the Senate.

The most important influence in determining a person's political party identification is the persons

parents

Which of the following groups is MOST likely to participate in an election?

people with college degrees

The term "pork barrel" refers to legislation specifically designed to

provide funding for local projects that are intended to benefit constituents

Political action committees (PACs) were created by campaign reform laws to

regulate how groups such as business and labor contribute to campaigns

Which of the following groups is most likely to vote in elections?

senior citizens

Which of the following actions of the president has no basis in the Constitution?

serving as leader of his political party

Nominations to the Supreme Court must be approved by a

simple majority vote in the Senate only

The legislative process at the national level of government reflects the intent of the framers of the constitution to create a legislature the would be

slow and deliberate in the law-making process

Which of the following requires citizens to have the opportunity to register to vote?

the Motor Voter Act

Which of the following presidential appointments requires Senate confirmation?

the Secretary of State

The government began to pursue civil rights in the 1950s when

the Supreme Court declared public school segregation unconstitutional.

The Constitution states that all revenue bills must originate in

the United States House of Representatives

While the practice of separate schools for black and white students was declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court in Brown v. Board of Education (1954), segregation in restaurants, stores, hotels, and other public accommodations remained legal until

the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964

what is eminant domain?

the power of government to take private property for public use

Presidents exercise their influence over the ideology of federal courts by

trying to appoint only judges who agree with their ideology and political views.

Which statement below best describes an open primary?

voters can choose which party's primary election ballot they want to use to vote.