AP Gov FRQ

Explain how an interest group could use the decisions in Hernández v. Texas to advance its agenda.

An interest group could write amicus curiae briefs to encourage the court to apply the decision from the decision from Hernández in similar cases, they could lobby members of congress to expand civil rights using the Hernández case, and they could sponsor court cases encouraging the court to apply the decisions in Hernández.

Describe an action that congress could take to respond to the Arizona v U.S. decision if it disagreed with the decisions.

Congress could pass a law granting the states more authority to determine how to regulate immigration. This would allow states more power over immigration

Based on the constitutional amendment identified in part A, explain how Gideon v. Wainwright expanded upon the decision in Powell v. Alabama

Gideon's case is the reason the citizens have a right to counsel even if they cannot afford it. This was not previously guaranteed.

Explain how the facts in both Brown v. BOE AJR Hernández v. Texas led to a similar decision in both cases.

In brown, segregated schools led to discriminations against African American students like Linda brown, which was a violation of the constitutions equal protection clause. In Hernández, discrimination against Mexican Americans in jury service was found to also be a violations of the constitution's equal protection clause because it led to the conviction of Hernández by a jury that excluded Mexican Americans.

Explain how the facts of McCulloch v. Maryland and the facts of Arizona v. U.S. led to a similar holding of cases.

On both cases a state was dealing with a foreign matter, and that responsibility lies under the federal gov. Because of this the supremacy clause was enacted and the ruling was in favor of the federal gov.

Identity a constitutional amendment or clause that was used to justify the decisions in both Powell V. Alabama (1932) and Gideon v. Wainwright (1963)

The Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. The convictions were made under unfair conditions because the state did not protect their due process right to an attorney.

Identify the clause in the fourteenth Amendment that was used as the basis for the decision in both Brown v. BOE and Hernández v. Texas.

The basis for both cases was the equal protection clause. This important clause of the 14th amendment ensures that all people are treated equally.

Identify a common constitutional principle used to make a ruling in both McCulloh v Maryland and Arizona v. United States.

The supremacy clause was used in both rulings, and that clause means that the constitution is the supreme law of the Land.

Describe historical changes that have been made to the prosecution of defendants since the Gideon decision.

Thousands of Individuals who were not given the right of counsel were freed or retried. This was because the Gideon case selectively incorporated parts of the 6th amendment to the states.