AP GOV SEMESTER 1 EXAM REVIEW

what happened in citizens united v. FEC?

-struck down soft money ban -allowed for the creation of super PACs

A proponent of states' rights and enumerated powers would be more likely to quote the _________ to the Constitution.

10th amendment

what is true regarding the electoral college?

270 electoral votes are needed to win California is the state with the most electoral votes 3 is the lowest number of electoral votes given to a state Washington D.C. gets 3 electoral votes

what is dual federalism?

A system of government in which both the states and the national government remain supreme within their own spheres, each responsible for some policies.

what is cooperative federalism?

A system of government in which powers and policy assignments are shared between states and the national government.

What is the 15th amendment to the Constitution?

Allowed all men the right to vote

what is article 5 of the constitution?

Amending the Constitution

What is grassroots lobbying?

An interest group encouraging and organizing its members to contact their representatives in Congress in support of the interest group's policy goals

What do libertarians believe?

Believe in sharp limits to the government in both economic and social affairs. Individual liberties Private actions might be immoral but gov doesn't have right to tell you what to do unless someone else is being harmed

what is true regarding the 2021 school board

Carl Fischer, JoAnn Riggano, and Krista Hunt were the top three vote getters in this November's election The school board is responsible for setting Beavercreek's COVID policies. The school board approves curriculum used in the buildings

what happened in McCulloch v. Maryland?

Court rules a "national bank" is constitutional (Maryland claimed this was not constitutional--or legal). States were ruled to not be able to tax the federal government. This also expanded power of the federal government. Supremacy Clause

what does the executive branch do

Enforces laws

what is article 2 of the constitution?

Executive Branch

Which federal agency is responsible for helping Americans recover from natural disasters like hurricanes and wildfires?

FEMA

what is a categorical grant?

Federal grants for specific purposes, such as building an airport

Which of the following statements accurately describes the concept of federalism?

Federalism is the balance and division of power between the state and local governments

what were the first two political parties in American history?

Federalists and Democratic-Republicans

what is a block grant?

Fixed amount of money given or allocated for a specific purpose, such as a transfer of governmental funds to cover health services.

what is the 19th amendment?

Gave women the right to vote

What do Republicans believe?

Government should provide social and moral order, but should play little role in the economy

what is a formula grant?

Grants that are distributed according to specific rules that define who is eligible for the grant and how much each eligible applicant will receive. Factors such as income, number of school age children, urban population...etc.

What happened in the 2000 election with hanging chads?

Hanging chads became a controversial issue The election came down to the state of Florida Bush ultimately won Jeb Bush was governor of Florida at the time

what is article 3 of the constitution?

Judicial Branch

what is the street in washington D.C. known for lobbyists?

K street

Shays' Rebellion highlighted which of the following weaknesses of the federal government under the Articles of Confederation?

Lack of power to keep a standing army

Which of the following is an argument present in Brutus I?

Large Republics will not work and will become tyrannical

what is article 1 of the constitution?

Legislative Branch

what is a PAC?

Political Action Committee formed by employees and stockholders to lobby government

what are the implied powers of congress?

Powers only suggested by the constitution , is derived from the Necessary and Proper clause.

what are the reserved powers of the states?

Powers that the constitution does not grant to the national government and does not, at the same time, deny to the states

what happened with the 1 trillion dollar infrastructure bill?

President Biden signed the bill into law Some Republicans voted for this bill in the House It will lead to roads and bridges being built and repaired

what is article 7 of the constitution?

Ratification of the Constitution

what is article 4 of the constitution?

Relations among states

Who was Grover Norquist referring to when he used the term "rat heads in a Coke bottle"?

Republicans who voted to raise taxes

what is article 6 of the constitution?

Supremacy Clause

what is true about the new hampshire primaries

The first voting in the state takes place at Dixville Notch This is the first presidential primary election in the country Winners in New Hampshire gain momentum for other primaries Candidates may drop out of the race if they do poorly in New Hampshire

what is the extradition clause?

The state from which you fled can have you bought back to stand trial.

Which of the following is a difference between Socialism and Communism?

There is still some private ownership in Socialism, while there is none with Communism

The Articles of Confederation failed because

They did not provide an effective means for the government to raise money They did not provide an independent leader to direct the government They did not give the government the power to regulate commerce

what is true regarding third parties?

Third parties tend to take away votes from the major party they are most like Third parties tend to help the major party they are most ideologically unlike Ralph Nader helped Bill Clinton win the presidency in 1992

Why were antifederalists concerned about the separation of powers in the Constitution?

Why were antifederalists concerned about the separation of powers in the Constitution?

what are the requirements for voting in ohio

You must be registered 30 days prior to the election You must be 18 years old by election day. You must show your ID when voting. You can't be an incarcerated felon.

who is jack abramoff?

a lobbyist who bribed members of Congress and their staff who went to jail for tax evasion and cheating his clients

what did the new deal accomplish?

a new form of cooperative federalism

what is a lobbyist?

a person who takes part in an organized attempt to influence legislators.

what is an oligarchy

a small group of people having control of a country, organization, or institution.

what is a participatory democracy

a theory of democracy that holds that citizens should actively and directly control all aspects of their lives

what is a super PAC?

a type of independent political action committee which may raise unlimited sums of money from corporations, unions, and individuals but is not permitted to contribute to or coordinate directly with parties or candidates.

what is the 24th amendment?

abolished poll tax

what is the full faith and credit clause?

addresses the duties that states within the United States have to respect the "public acts, records, and judicial proceedings of every other state."

Which of the following demographic voting blocs has the most identifiable partisan voting?

african americans

what are assumptions of majoritarian model of democracy?

are knowledgeable about government and politics want to participate in the political process are raised in families that encouraged active political participation make rational decisions in voting

Which document proclaimed that there would be a "firm league of friendship" between the states?

articles of confederation

what was teddy roosevelt's bull moose party?

bolter third party

The basic standard of substantive democracy is that government must guarantee

civil rights and liberties

What are the expressed powers of Congress?

coining money, collecting taxes, regulating commerce, raising and maintaining armed forces, and declaring war.

what are the three points of the iron triangle?

congress, bureaucracy, and interest groups

Which of the following forms of government is NOT usually associated with totalitarianism?

constitutional monarchy

Federalist 10 argues that the Constitution will

create a large republic protect against factions protect the liberty of the people

What does the legislative branch do?

creates laws

Unconventional political participation involving assembling crowds to confront businesses and local governments is known as

direct action

A constitutional clause that allows for a broad interpretation of implied powers is known as a(n) ______ clause.

elastic

what does the iron triangle help congress with?

electoral support from interest groups

The notion that American public schools are open to all is an example

equality of opportunity

Which of the following demographic factors would most strongly indicate a voter is Republican?

evangelical protestant

what is equality of outcome

everyone in a society should end up with the same "rewards" regardless of starting point, opportunities, or contributions

James Madison made all but which of the following arguments in his essay, Federalist No. 10?

factions can be eliminated without removing Americans' freedoms

The phenomenon of ________________ is referred to as the "revolving door."

former elected officials taking lobbyist jobs

what does the iron triangle help the bureaucracy with?

funding and political support from congress

what is the 23rd amendment?

gave the District of Columbia 3 electors

In campaign finance, hard money is usually associated with donations

given directly to the candidates

what do democrats believe?

healthcare through the government- more gun control- raise taxes for richer residents- be more involved in buisnesses

most congressional elections today-

incumbents win more elections than challengers

According to the pluralist model of democracy, government decisions are influenced by

interest groups

what role does the federal government play in elections?

is there is any form of discrimination then the federal government gets involved.

One of the weaknesses of the procedural model of democracy is that

it permits policies that violate standards of substantive democracy

In the 2000 election, Ralph Nader ran as a Green Party candidate and

it resulted in the loss of support for Democratic candidate Al Gore

What branch of government is responsible for interpreting the law?

judicial

what are articles one, two, and three? why are they in this order?

legislative, executive, judicial; the founding felt this was in order of importance, judicial branch was not powerful yet

what does the iron triangle help with interest groups?

low regulation, special favors from the bureaucracy

what is the 26th amendment?

lowered the voting age to 18

A popular election is the primary mechanism for democratic government in which model?

majoritarian model

what are the Iowa caucuses?

meetings in Iowa that help the people discuss who they are going to vote for

Which of the following is a big problem associated with procedural democratic theory?

minority rights are not protected

what happened in Gibbons v. Ogden?

ogden sued gibbons because he had claimed that gibbons had exclusive rights to operate steamships in the new york hudson river. had to deal with interstate commerce

what is a closed primary?

only declared party members can vote

"What ballot would you like?" Primary elections where voters can choose either party's ballot on election day are called ___________

open primaries

_____________ weaken parties more because it allows voters to float between parties rather than require the voters to participate in the party in which they are registered.

open primaries

The free rider problem with interest groups increases the difficulty of attracting

paying members

______________ believe that interest groups further democracy by broadening representation within the system

pluralists

what is the difference between preemption and devolution?

preemption restricts powers to states and provides power for the national government. devolution gives more power to the states taking away federal power.

The chief goal of the drafters of the Articles of Confederation was to

protect states rights

Which of the following best represents the current government of the United States?

representative democracy

Originally the Constitution Convention's purpose was to

revise the AOC

what happened in U.S. v. Lopez?

ruled that federal government could not control interstate commerce.

What position in Ohio's state government is responsible for being the chief election officer?

secretary of state

Agreement among substantive theorists breaks down when the discussion moves from civil rights to

social rights and economic rights

What is the priveleges and immunities clause?

states that one state cannot discriminate another state

.The main argument against the need for a bill of rights was that

the Constitution established a government of limited powers, because the government was not given the power to regulate individual liberties; no bill of rights was necessary

If no presidential candidate receives a majority of the electoral college votes, the election is decided by

the House of Representatives

what did 9/11 lead to?

the creation of the department of homeland security

what happened with the california governor recall

the governor was not recalled and he is now pressing for gun laws

Compared with majoritarian thought, the pluralist model of democracy shifts that focus of democratic decision making from _________ to _____________.

the mass electorate; organized groups

Antifederalists attacked the proposed Constitution on the grounds that

the national government it created was too strong

what are electoral votes determined by?

the two senators+number of reps by population

The primary contribution of the Federalist papers is

their insight into the reasons for constitutional provisions

Anarchism is the political opposite of

totalitarianism

The basic premise of federalism is that

two or more governments share power and authority over the same land and people